Peter Lustig - Incompatibility and other essays

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Incompatibility and Other Essays was conceived in response to the non-functioning of power politics, at the international level, and the universal suffrage, locally, in each separate country. The four essays that make up the book address some flaws that should seem familiar to everybody; but that are not usually discussed as they are presented here. It is recommended that opposite political systems, such as liberal dmocracy and statism, should iron out their differences and come to terms with each other, however irreconcilable. If antagonizing parties compromised over their differences, that might seem valuable and praiseworthy, but it would detract from the significance of their principles. The debate cannot be solved while it is regarded as a contest of wills, or a power struggle. There must be an underlying agreement about common concerns, before it can begin. And probably also about ethics. To expect that politics can be conducted between positions that are reciprocally excluding begs the question. At best, it boils down to simulation. There is a widespread conviction that universal suffrage is more likely to focus on the needs and wants of the larger poverty stricken sector, than to warrant the viability of the system. To get this right, its workings must be understood. It is not enough to express indignation or resentment against privilege. Whoever takes charge of the task should be able to prove that he is up to it. Profiteering from speculation to give capitalism a reputation wont't do. Ownership ought to hinge on investment amounting to the full worth of assets. The majority rule is the main reason why economies run short of liquidity; however much it speeds up the monetary cycle. Much as government may be regarded as a necessary evil, because security is considered its principal responsibility toward the citizenry, without which no society cn hope to live peacefully, it offers a beginning everyone can follow up 0n. From a critical disposition, the topic has been approached with four essays. The firt one addresses the problem of incompatibility as crudely as possible, as long as it is left open to discussion. The second essay raises the question of societies that are ruled in a manner out of keeping with the prospect of attaining a three way liberal democracy as a form of government. In this way, these societies are being discriminated against as belonging to a 'developing'or 'third world' order. That would mean that while they are not ruled 'democratically', they are only 'rogue states', and therefore potential 'enemies'. The question is; must this be so? Essentially, every form of government requires a certain amount of consent, or approval, from the governed. If not, it would be in the process of undergoing change. The only change that is unacceptable is one designed to expand borders, likely to start a war; or to take away from some to share out to others, which amounts to the same thing again. To avoid this, the U.N. was bought into the picture as a supra-national entity. But, it needs to be empowered to take action. As a consulting organization it is not doing enough. The third essay is about the limitations of 'liberty' that are required to make this possible. And the fourth essay is about the capital requirementes for market stability, by way of removing some causes of uncertainty. One last thing: demagogy having taken over from representtaive democracy almost everywhere, even in a long standing bi-partisan system as that of the U.S., proves that a way will have to be found to make a liberal democracy work for all sectors, leaving none of the working class out in the cold; because the alternative could easily be that they would take over the market by gaining full control of the state and its revenue, putting an end to minority representation.

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The trouble with this waiting game is that, although it can be expected to work reasonably well under fairly stable conditions, this would not hold true in intensely divided societies with an outsize underclass. So, if democracy is going to work only in one direction, it is not going to work at all for a large minority that may, in fact, become a plurality at a given point - as more and more people drop out from the middle class -, even if it happened after the votes had been counted.

Upon closer observation, though it ought to sound unrealistic to propose qualifying the vote, to grant those that contribute the most to public revenue and employment a reasonable chance at election time, the notion – taken over from business practice – that obtaining only 51% gives one party the right to run things, leaves almost no chance for the minority to have a say in decision-making. This goes clearly against minority representation. The way things are understood, at present, this is not likely to be taken into account. Once again, the situation lends itself to be regarded as indicative of incompatibility.

Whenever a voter is obliged to pick a candidate, only to reinforce the opposition against somebody even less desirable, democracy is being made use of by default and not out of conviction. A compromise of this sort might help the system to regain its balance and, in the long run, it could perhaps ensure its continuity, even though it would be focusing on some sort of middle course, not exactly a choice. If such an arrangement were tolerable to all parties, that would mean that democracy may have a chance to work. But one would hardly be in a position to tell, before the election returns were in. At best, democracy might be portrayed as a possibility, which does not amount to all that much, in view of the stakes, involving patrimony, personal freedom and political rights. Since major changes, including constitutional reform, call for a two thirds majority (or a political agreement to set up a constitutional congress), one thing that is practically certain is that no such changes or reform will take place upon the initiative of a simple majority. Which confirms the general precept that a formal legal code exists for the preservation of an on-going state of affairs, tantamount to conservatism. Therefore, every time a populist makes a sweeping change, within the established system, it gives the impression that they are out to wreck it, in the whirlwind of “revolution”. Once again, the citizen is overwhelmed by the feeling that he is up against incompatibility.

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