David A. McEntire - Disaster Response and Recovery

1 Cover

2 Title Page

3 Copyright Page

4 Dedication Page

5 About the Author

6 Foreword

7 Preface

8 Acknowledgments

9 About the Companion Website

10 1 Knowing What to Expect INTRODUCTION 1.1 The Occurrence of Disasters 1.2 Types of Hazards 1.3 Technological Hazards 1.4 Civil/Conflict Hazards 1.5 The Complexity of Disasters SUMMARY KEY TERMS ASSESS YOUR UNDERSTANDING Summary Questions Review Questions Applying This Chapter YOU TRY IT References

11 2 Understanding the Actors INTRODUCTION 2.1 The Public Sector 2.2 The Private Sector 2.3 The Nonprofit Sector 2.4 Emergent Groups 2.5 Working with All Partners and the Whole Community SUMMARY KEY TERMS ASSESS YOUR UNDERSTANDING Summary Questions Review Questions Applying This Chapter YOU TRY IT References

12 3 Anticipating Attitudes and Behavior in Disasters INTRODUCTION 3.1 General Disaster Attitudes and the Case of Covid‐19 3.2 The Impact of Hollywood and The Media 3.3 Research on Myths 3.4 Evidence of Exaggeration 3.5 Realities about Response and Recovery 3.6 The Importance of Understanding Behavior Correctly SUMMARY KEY TERMS ASSESS YOUR UNDERSTANDING Summary Questions Review Questions Applying This Chapter YOU TRY IT References

13 4 Applying Alternative Management Approaches INTRODUCTION 4.1 The Traditional Model 4.2 The Professional Model 4.3 Comparison of The Models SUMMARY KEY TERMS ASSESS YOUR UNDERSTANDING Review Questions Applying This Chapter YOU TRY IT References

14 5 Implementing Initial Response Measures INTRODUCTION 5.1 Hazard Detection 5.2 Issuing Warnings 5.3 Evacuation 5.4 Sheltering SUMMARY KEY TERMS ASSESS YOUR UNDERSTANDING Summary Questions Review Questions Applying This Chapter YOU TRY IT References

15 6 Caring for the Injured, Dead, and Distraught INTRODUCTION 6.1 Search and Rescue Operations 6.2 Emergency Medical Care, Triage and DMATs 6.3 Mass Fatality Management 6.4 Stress Management SUMMARY KEY TERMS ASSESS YOUR UNDERSTANDING Summary Questions Review Questions Applying This Chapter YOU TRY IT References

16 7 Managing Public Information, Donations, and Volunteers INTRODUCTION 7.1 The Media and Social Media in Disasters 7.2 Dealing with Donations 7.3 Volunteer Management SUMMARY KEY TERMS ASSESS YOUR UNDERSTANDING Summary Questions Review Questions Applying This Chapter YOU TRY IT References

17 8 Moving Beyond Immediate Needs INTRODUCTION 8.1 Assessing Damages 8.2 Challenges in Damage Assessment 8.3 Damage Assessment Procedures 8.4 Disaster Declarations 8.5 Debris Produced by Disasters 8.6 Dealing with Debris Effectively 8.7 Regulations and Other Considerations SUMMARY KEY TERMS ASSESS YOUR UNDERSTANDING Summary Questions Review Questions Applying This Chapter YOU TRY IT References

18 9 Promoting Recovery and Mitigation INTRODUCTION 9.1 Disaster Impacts and Disaster Assistance 9.2 Types of IA 9.3 Facilitating IA 9.4 Categories of PA 9.5 Accessing PA 9.6 Important Issues for Recovery 9.7 The Potential for Disagreement 9.8 Pressing for Change SUMMARY KEY TERMS ASSESSING YOUR UNDERSTANDING Summary Questions Review Questions Applying This Chapter YOU TRY IT References

19 10 Overcoming Typical Challenges INTRODUCTION 10.1 Communication and Coordination 10.2 Decision Making and Disasters 10.3 Transportation Issues and Logistics 10.4 Vulnerable/Special Populations 10.5 Politics and Disasters 10.6 Legal Concerns 10.7 Record Keeping and Disasters SUMMARY KEY TERMS ASSESS YOUR UNDERSTANDING Summary Questions Review Questions Applying This Chapter YOU TRY IT References

20 11 Harnessing Technology and Organization INTRODUCTION 11.1 The Importance of Technology 11.2 Communication Equipment and Interoperability 11.3 Decision Support Systems (DSSs) 11.4 Geographic Information System 11.5 Managing Disasters at the Local Level 11.6 Managing Disasters at the State Level 11.7 Managing Disasters on a Federal Level SUMMARY KEY TERMS ASSESSING YOUR UNDERSTANDING Summary Questions Review Questions Applying This Chapter YOU TRY IT References

21 12 Foreseeing the Future INTRODUCTION 12.1 Disasters on the Rise 12.2 Understanding Natural Disasters 12.3 Understanding Technological Disasters 12.4 Understanding Acts of Violence 12.5 Understanding Terrorism 12.6 Unfolding and Unrecognized Hazards 12.7 Increased Vulnerability SUMMARY KEY TERMS ASSESS YOUR UNDERSTANDING Summary Questions Review Questions Applying This Chapter YOU TRY IT References

22 13 Enhancing Disaster Resilience INTRODUCTION 13.1 Reducing Vulnerability and Preparing Your Community 13.2 Acquiring Resources 13.3 Designing and Establishing an EOC 13.4 Hazard and Vulnerability Assessment 13.5 Writing an EOP 13.6 First Responder and Organizational Training 13.7 Disaster Exercises 13.8 Public Education 13.9 Improvisation, Creativity, Flexibility and Spontaneous Planning 13.10 Leadership and Professionalism SUMMARY KEY TERMS ASSESS YOUR UNDERSTANDING Summary Questions Review Questions Applying This Chapter YOU TRY IT References

23 Index

24 End User License Agreement

1 Chapter 1 Table 1‐1 Comparison of Event Magnitude. Table 1‐2 Saffir–Simpson Hurricane Scale. Table 1‐3 Enhanced Fujita Scale for Tornado Damage.

2 Chapter 2 Table 2‐1 Federal Departments and Their Role in a Disaster

3 Chapter 3 Table 3‐1 Respondents’ Beliefs about Disaster Response. Table 3‐2 Respondents’ Beliefs about Effective Personal Aid to Disaster Vic... Table 3‐3 Disaster Myths, Reality, and New Orleans.Table 3‐4 Emergency Managers’ views about Disaster Behavior.

4 Chapter 4Table 4‐1 Assumptions and Conclusions of the Traditional Model.Table 4‐2 Strengths and weaknesses of the Traditional Model.Table 4‐3 Assumptions and Conclusions of the Professional Model.Table 4‐4 Strengths and weaknesses of Professional Model.Table 4‐5 Principles of emergency Management.Table 4‐6 Assumptions of the Traditional and Professional.

5 Chapter 8Table 8‐1 Volume of debris generated by various disasters (Taken from EPA, ...Table 8‐2 Type of debris generated by various disasters (Taken from EPA, 19...

6 Chapter 12Table 12‐1 Primary, Associated and Secondary HazardsTable 12‐2 Industrial DisastersTable 12‐3 Roles and Responsibilities of Emergency Response Organizations

1 Chapter 1 Figure 1‐1 Emergency management personnel often attend meetings to prepare f... Figure 1‐2 Hurricane Sandy struck the northeast and destroyed this roller co... Figure 1‐3 The 2021 Valentine Storm resulted in snow and ice on a beach near ... Figure 1‐4 This 45-footdeep sinkhole formed in Monticello, FL, after Tropi... Figure 1‐5 This picture of Mt. St. Helens on May 18, 1980, illustrates the ... Figure 1‐6 The April 20, 2013, West Texas fertilizer plant explosion produce... Figure 1‐7 The aftermath of the I‐35W bridge collapse is seen in this pictur... Figure 1‐8 This picture of boats impacting infrastructure illustrates why Hu... Figure 1‐9 The damage of electricity infrastructure (an agent‐generated dema...

2 Chapter 2 Figure 2‐1 Elective officials such as Freeport, NY Mayor, Andrew Hardwick, o... Figure 2‐2 State firefighting resources such as this helicopter will be util... Figure 2‐3 Many entities will work together to respond to disasters. In this... Figure 2‐4 FEMA has 10 regional offices around the United States. Figure 2‐5 FEMA Corps members arriving in Jamestown, CO, on October 2, 2013.... Figure 2‐6 Insurance companies will send numerous employees to disaster‐affe... Figure 2‐7 The Red Cross is present at almost any emergency or disaster, and... Figure 2‐8 Community Emergency Response Teams (CERTs) add flexibility to res... Figure 2‐9 Disaster organizational typology

3 Chapter 3 Figure 3‐1 In spite of confusing, the government increasingly recommended th... Figure 3‐2 Sometimes, media reports about disasters are inaccurate. FEMA has... Figure 3‐3 This picture may cause others to mistakenly think looting is occu...Figure 3‐4 While some first responders may abandon their post in disasters, ...Figure 3‐5 Many people did not or could not evacuate before Hurricane Katrin...Figure 3‐6 While certain types of aid may be insufficient immediately after ...