The Craft of Innovative Theology

19 19Plessy v. Ferguson, 163 US 537 (1896), accessed July 15, 2016, https://supreme.justia.com/cases/federal/us/163/537/case.html.

20 20Plessy v. Ferguson.

21 21See Peter J. Paris, The Social Teaching of the Black Churches (Philadelphia: Fortress Press, 1985), xii.

22 22Annual, SBC, 1905, 14, accessed July 17, 2016, http://digitalcollections.baylor.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ml-sbcann/id/926.

23 23Ibid.

24 24Annual, SBC, 1906, 42, accessed June 13, 2016, http://digitalcollections.baylor.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ml-sbcann/id/7999.

25 25Annual, SBC, 1915, 50, accessed June 17, 2016, http://digitalcollections.baylor.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ml-sbcann/id/7132.

26 26Annual, SBC, 1915, 51.

27 27Annual, SBC, 1915, 52.

28 28Resolution, SBC, 1919, “On Religious Liberty,” accessed June 18, 2016, http://www.sbc.net/resolutions/914/resolution-on-religious-liberty.

29 29Annual, SBC, 1940, 85, accessed June 18, 2016, http://digitalcollections.baylor.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ml-sbcann/id/48595.

30 30Mark Newman, Religion and American Culture: Getting Right With God: Southern Baptists and Desegregation, 1945–1995 (Tuscaloosa: The University of Alabama Press, 2011), 10.

31 31Resolution, SBC 1941, “Resolution Concerning Race Relations,” accessed July 1, 2016, http://www.sbc.net/resolutions/881/resolution-concerning-race-relations.

32 32Resolution, SBC 1941, 108.

33 33David L. Chappell, A Stone of Hope: Prophetic Religion and the Death of Jim Crow (Chapel Hill: The University of North Carolina Press, 2005), 107.

34 34Resolution, SBC, 1961, “Resolution on Race Relations,” accessed July 1, 2016, http://www.sbc.net/resolutions/886/resolution-on-race-relations.

35 35Resolution, SBC, 1961.

36 36Annual, SBC, 1964, 229, accessed June 24, 2016, http://digitalcollections.baylor.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ml-sbcann/id/35325.

37 37Ibid.

38 38Annual, SBC, 1965, 246, accessed June 24, 2016, http://digitalcollections.baylor.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ml-sbcann/id/14084.

39 39Ibid.

40 40Annual, SBC, 1965, 247.

41 41Ibid.

42 42It is worth noting that southern Catholics took a radical rhetorical approach and taught the need for love and compassion toward African Americans. Catholics demonstrated a crisis of conscience in race relations and were determined to transform their southern congregations. The SBC saw no human crisis worthy of dismantling Jim Crow segregation and its impact on African Americans. Catholics wanted to end the racial status quo, while the SBC endorsed the continued social and political dehumanization of African Americans. In sum, the southern Catholics chose to extend love, charity, and compassion to African Americans, while the SBC chose apathy, especially during the desegregation process following Brown. See The Editors of Interracial Review, “Can Prejudice Be Cured?” 1935, 1–2, American Catholic History Classroom, The Catholic University of America, accessed June 30, 2016, http://cuomeka.wrlc.org/files/original/a359b2291ae3805ddd76e8e90ae8afc6.pdf. Also, “Bishop Fletcher’s Catechism on ‘Segregation and Racial Discrimination’ Recommended for Further Study in Advent,” Arkansas Catholic, November 25, 1960, 3, accessed July 1, 2016, http://arc.stparchive.com/Archive/ARC/ARC11251960p03.php. Both offer examples of a radical rhetoric of love of neighbor and the Golden Rule in reference to racial integration.

43 43Resolution, SBC, 1995, “Resolution On Racial Reconciliation on the 150th Anniversary of the Southern Baptist Convention,” accessed July 15, 2016, http://www.sbc.net/resolutions/899/resolution-on-racial-reconciliation-on-the-150th-anniversary-of-the-southern-baptist-convention.

44 44Oral Memoir of David Gushee, interviewed by Barry Hankins, Religion and Culture Project, Baylor University Institute for Oral History, 2, June 16, 1999, accessed July 2, 2016, http://digitalcollections.baylor.edu/cdm/compoundobject/collection/buioh/id/2691/rec/4.

45 45Oral Memoir of Gary L. Frost, interviewed by Barry Hankins, Religion and Culture Project, Baylor University Institute for Oral History, 7, October 14, 1999, accessed July 2, 2016, http://digitalcollections.baylor.edu/cdm/compoundobject/collection/buioh/id/1518/rec/2.

46 46Ibid., 8.

47 47Gustav Niebuhr, “Baptist Group Votes to Repent Stand on Slaves,” New York Times, June 21, 1995,accessed June 12, 2016, http://www.nytimes.com/1995/06/21/us/baptist-group-votes-to-repent-stand-on-slaves.html.

48 48Jonathan Merritt, “Column: Southern Baptist Convention, Change That Name,” USA Today, September 25, 2011, accessed June 24, 2016, http://usatoday30.usatoday.com/news/opinion/forum/story/2011-09-25/southern-baptists-change-name/50546782/1.

49 49Merritt, “Change That Name”.

50 50Resolution, SBC, 2007, “On the 150th Anniversary of the Dred Scott Decision,” accessed July 13, 2016, http://www.sbc.net/resolutions/1169/on-the-150th-anniversary-of-the-dred-scott-decision.

51 51Becky Perlow, “Southern Baptists Elect First Black President.” CNN, June19, 2012, accessed July 1, 2016, http://religion.blogs.cnn.com/2012/06/19/southern-baptists-to-elect-first-black-president.

52 52Ibid.

53 53Adelle M. Banks, “Southern Baptists Push To Overcome Racist Past,” USA Today, June 15, 2011, accessed July 1, 2016, http://usatoday30.usatoday.com/news/religion/2011-06-14-southern-baptist-minority-membership_n.htm.

54 54Erving Goffman, Stigma: Notes on the Management of Spoiled Identity (New York: Touchstone, 1986, 2009), 3. Also see John F. Dovidio, Brenda Major and Jennifer Crocker, “Stigma: Introduction and Overview,” in The Social Psychology of Stigma, ed. Todd F. Heatheron, Robert E. Kleck, et. al (New York: The Guilford Press, New York, 2000), 3.

55 55Glenn C. Loury, The Anatomy of Racial Inequality (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2002).

56 56Dorothee Sölle, Suffering (Philadelphia: Fortress Press, 1973), 36.

57 57Sarah Eekhoff Zylstra, “Southern Baptists Repudiate the Confederate Flag,” Christianity Today, June 14, 2016, accessed July 20, 2016, http://www.christianitytoday.com/gleanings/2016/june/southern-baptists-racial-reconciliation-sbc-civilitas-pca.html.

58 58Paul Harvey, Freedom’s Coming: Religious Culture and the Shaping of the South From the Civil War Through the Civil Rights Era (Chapel Hill: The University of North Carolina Press, 2007), 221.

59 59Ibid.

60 60See Emma Green, “Southern Baptists and the Sin of Racism,” The Atlantic, April 7, 2015, accessed July 25, 2016, http://www.theatlantic.com/politics/archive/2015/04/southern-baptists-wrestle-with-the-sin-of-racism/389808.

61 61Michael Lipka, “The Most and the Least Racially Diverse US Religious Groups,” Pew Research, July 27, 2015, accessed July 30, 2016, http://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2015/07/27/the-most-and-least-racially-diverse-u-s-religious-groups.

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