Methodologies and Challenges in Forensic Linguistic Casework

https://lccn.loc.gov/2021035760

Cover image: © Media Trading Ltd/Getty Images

Cover design by Wiley

Set in 10/12pt NewCenturySchlbk by Integra Software Services Pvt. Ltd, Pondicherry, India

We would like to dedicate this book to all our friends, colleagues, and family who have supported us, in particular Peter and Anita Perkins, and Carmen Rosa Caldas-Coulthard

1 Cover

2 Series page

3 Title page

4 Copyright

5 Dedication

6 Preface

7 Acknowledgement

8 About the Editors

9 1 Forensic Linguistic Casework

10 Section 1 2 The Starbuck Case: Methods for Addressing Confirmation Bias in Forensic Authorship Analysis 3 A Forensic Authorship Analysis of the Ayia Napa Rape Statement Lisa Donlan and Andrea Nini 4 Linguistic Profiling: A Spanish Case Study 5 Other Language Influence Detection: Profiling the Native Language of a Dark Web Pedophile 6 Forensic Plagiarism Detection and Analysis

11 Section 2 7 Mourning the Slow Death of Miranda: California v. Ceja 8 Detecting Faked Texts 9 Joining ISIS? A Pragmatic Discourse Analysis of Chat Messages in a Counterterrorism Case 10 “I Wanted to Leave A Long Time Ago”: Casework in Suicide Letter Analysis: Methods Used and Lessons Learned 11 Casework in Forensic Linguistics: Looking Outward

12 Index

13 End User License Agreement

1 Chapter 3 Table 2.1 Linguistic Feature ExamplesTable 3.1 List of Comparison Corpora UsedTable 3.2 Relative Frequency and Frequency...Table 3.3 Relative Frequency and Frequency...Table 3.4 Relative Frequency and Frequency...Table 3.5 Relative Frequency and Frequency...Table 3.6 Relative Frequency and Frequency...

2 Chapter 4Table 4.1 Timeline of Nogueira’s Victims andTable 4.2 Nogueira’s PsychologicalTable 4.3 Linguistic Samples Analyzed forTable 4.4 Instances of Masculine and FeminineTable 4.5 Examples of Excerpts Where the Author PortraysTable 4.6 Examples of the Use of EmoticonsTable 4.7 Some Expressions Typically UsedTable 4.8 Chatlog Excerpt Where the Author DescribesTable 4.9 Examples of Lexical ElementsTable 4.10 Checklist of Distinctive Linguistic FeaturesTable 4.11 Comparison Between the Linguistic

3 Chapter 5Table 5.1 Tongue Twister Literal TranslationsTable 5.2 Article Typologies

4 Chapter 6Table 6.1 Verbatim PlagiarismTable 6.2 Instance of plagiarism with alterations to the originalTable 6.3 Example of Reproduction of MistakesTable 6.4 Example of Translingual PlagiarismTable 6.5 Example of Translingual PlagiarismTable 6.6 Example of Translingual Plagiarism

5 Chapter 7Table 7.1 Questions and Responses in Spanish and

6 Chapter 8Table 8.1 Contextual Audience Analysis (CAA) Toolkit

7 Chapter 10Table 10.1 The SNAC Checklist of Linguistic Features

1 Cover

2 series page

3 Title page

4 Copyright

5 Dedication

6 Table of Contents

7 Series Preface

8 Acknowledgement

9 About the Editors

10 Begin Reading

11 Index

12 End User License Agreement

1 i

2 ii

3 iii

4 iv

5 v

6 vi

7 vii

8 viii

9 ix

10 x

11 xi

12 xii

13 xiii

14 xiv

15 1

16 2

17 3

18 4

19 5

20 6

21 7

22 8

23 9

24 10

25 11

26 12

27 13

28 14

29 15

30 16

31 17

32 18

33 19

34 20

35 21

36 22

37 23

38 24

39 25

40 26

41 27

42 28

43 29

44 30

45 31

46 32

47 33

48 34

49 35

50 36

51 37

52 38

53 39

54 40

55 41

56 42

57 43

58 44

59 45

60 46

61 47

62 48

63 49

64 50

65 51

66 52

67 53

68 54

69 55

70 56

71 57

72 58

73 59

74 60

75 61

76 62

77 63

78 64

79 65

80 66

81 67

82 68

83 69

84 70

85 71

86 72

87 73

88 74

89 75

90 76

91 77

92 78

93 79

94 80

95 81

96 82

97 83

98 84

99 85

100 86

101 87

102 88

103 89

104 90

105 91

106 92

107 93

108 94

109 95

110 96

111 97

112 98

113 99

114 100

115 101

116 102

117 103

118 104

119 105

120 106

121 107

122 108

123 109

124 110

125 111

126 112

127 113

128 114

129 115

130 116

131 117

132 118

133 119

134 120

135 121

136 122

137 123

138 124

139 125

140 126

141 127

142 128

143 129

144 130

145 131

146 132

147 133

148 134

149 135

150 136

151 137

152 138

153 139

154 140

155 141

156 142

157 143

158 144

159 145

160 146

161 147

162 148

163 149

164 150

165 151

166 152

167 153

168 154

169 155

170 156

171 157

172 158

173 159

174 160

175 161

176 162

177 163

178 164

179 165

180 166

181 167

182 168

183 169

184 170

185 171

186 172

187 173

188 174

189 175

190 176

The Wiley Series in the Psychology of Crime, Policing, and the Law publishes both single and multi-authored monographs and edited reviews of emerging areas of contemporary research. The purpose of this series is not merely to present research findings in a clear and readable form, but also to bring out their implications for both practice and policy. Books in this series are designed not only for psychologists, but also for all those involved in crime detection and prevention, child protection, policing, and judicial processes.

As the editors of Methodologies and Challenges in Forensic Linguistic Casework remind us, issues around the authorship and identity of written and spoken words reach back to Biblical times — the origins of the term ‘shibboleth’— through the true author(s) of Shakespeare’s plays and more recently, the musings of Sherlock Holmes and other fictional detectives. In our current century, these matters have assumed a new significance, where the validity and identity of electronic messaging and voice mail is, for many of us a daily challenge, while academics and students routinely employ the ‘ Turnitin ’ program to detect and prevent plagiarism.

An earlier volume in the Wiley Series had included some significant contributions on these themes (Oxburgh, Myklebust, Grant, & Milne, 2016), but this is the first book to be devoted entirely to forensic linguistics: an emerging science which combines the insights of psychology and linguistics in new and creative ways. Throughout its development, it has sought to combine theory with application and as the new book illustrates, its progenitors have found themselves caught up in major investigations both in the civil and criminal matters. One early high-profile case concerned the hunt for the serial killer known as the ‘Yorkshire Ripper’. In 1979, the police received a taped message, purportedly from the perpetrator, ridiculing their faltering investigations to date. The tape was passed to linguists at Leeds University who were asked to comment on the accent of the speaker. Their analysis of the cadences led them to conclude that he probably came from the village of Castletown, a suburb of Sunderland. This location fell well outside the suspect search area and was thoroughly investigated before being eventually discounted by the investigators. When the real murderer, Peter Sutcliff, was arrested, it was evident that the tape had been a hoax. The perpetrator, John Humble, who was subsequently arrested and convicted in 2006, had spent most of his life in and around Castletown, so the linguists had been correct in their judgement (Bilton, 2012).

Читать дальше