Чарлз Дахигг - Власть привычки. Почему мы живем и работаем именно так, а не иначе

Графики, представленные в этой главе, упрощены. Полное описание результатов исследований можно найти в работах и лекциях доктора Энн Грэйбил.

Ann M. Graybiel, “The Basal Ganglia and Chunking of Action Repertoires”, Neurobiology of Learning and Memory 70 (1998): 119–36.

Более подробно см.: A. David Smith & J. Paul Bolam, “The Neural Network of the Basal Ganglia as Revealed by the Study of Synaptic Connections of Identified Neurones”, Trends in Neurosciences 13 (1990): 259–65; John G. McHaffle et al., “Subcortical Loops Through the Basal Ganglia”, Trends in Neurosciences 28 (2005): 401–7; Ann M. Graybiel, “Neurotransmitters and Neuromodulators in the Basal Ganglia”, Trends in Neurosciences 13 (1990): 244–54; J. Yelnik, “Functional Anatomy of the Basal Ganglia”, Movement Disorders 17 (2002): 15–21.

Более подробно см.: Catherine A. Thorn et al., “Differential Dynamics of Activity Changes in Dorsolateral and Dorsomedial Striatal Loops During Learning”, Neuron 66 (2010): 781–95; Ann M. Graybiel, “The Basal Ganglia: Learning New Tricks and Loving It”, Current Opinion in Neurobiology 15 (2005): 638–44.

Более подробно см.: Peter J. Bayley, Jennifer C. Frascino, & Larry R. Squire, “Robust Habit Learning in the Absence of Awareness and Independent of the Medial Temporal Lobe”, Nature 436 (2005): 550–53; M. Reed et al., “Learning About Categories That Are Defined by Object-Like Stimuli Despite Impaired Declarative Memory”, Behavioral Neuroscience 133 (1999): 411–19; B. J. Knowlton, J. A. Mangels, & L. R. Squire, “A Neostriatal Habit Learning System in Humans”, Science 273 (1996): 1399–1402.

Необходимо отметить, что работа Сквайра с Паули не ограничивалась исключительно привычками. Благодаря Юджину удалось сделать ряд важных открытий в таких областях, как пространственная память и прайминг. Более подробные сведения об этих и других находках представлены на персональной веб-странице Сквайра: http://psychiatry.ucsd.edu/faculty/lsquire.html.

Более подробно см.: Monica R. F. Hilario et al., “Endocannabinoid Signaling Is Critical for Habit Formation”, Frontiers in Integrative Neuroscience 1 (2007): 6; Monica R. F. Hilario & Rui M. Costa, “High on Habits”, Frontiers in Neuroscience 2 (2008): 208–17; A. Dickinson, “Appetitive-Aversive Interactions: Superconditioning of Fear by an Appetitive CS”, Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology 29 (1977): 71–83; J. Lamarre & P. C. Holland, “Transfer of Inhibition After Serial Feature Negative Discrimination Training”, Learning and Motivation 18 (1987): 319–42; P. C. Holland, “Differential Effects of Reinforcement of an Inhibitory Feature After Serial and Simultaneous Feature Negative Discrimination Training”, Journal of Experimental Psychology: Animal Behavior Processes 10 (1984): 461–75.

Jennifer L. Harris, Marlene B. Schwartz, & Kelly D. Brownell, “Evaluating Fast Food Nutrition and Marketing to Youth”, Yale Rudd Center for Food Policy and Obesity, 2010; H. Qin & V. R. Prybutok, “Determinants of Customer-Perceived Service Quality in Fast-Food Restaurants and Their Relationship to Customer Satisfaction and Behavioral Intentions”, The Quality Management Journal 15 (2008): 35; H. Qin & V. R. Prybutok, “Service Quality, Customer Satisfaction, and Behavioral Intentions in Fast-Food Restaurants”, International Journal of Quality and Service Sciences 1 (2009): 78. Более подробную информацию по данной теме можно найти в следующих источниках: C. Berridge, “Brain Reward Systems for Food Incentives and Hedonics in Normal Appetite and Eating Disorders”, Appetite and Body Weight , ed. Tim C. Kirkham & Steven J. Cooper (Burlington, Vt.: Academic Press, 2007), 91–215; K. C. Berridge et al., “The Tempted Brain Eats: Pleasure and Desire Circuits in Obesity and Eating Disorders”, Brain Research 1350 (2010): 43–64; J. M. Dave et al., “Relationship of Attitudes Toward Fast Food and Frequency of Fast-Food Intake in Adults”, Obesity 17 (2009): 1164–70; S. A. French et al., “Fast Food Restaurant Use Among Adolescents: Associations with Nutrient Intake, Food Choices and Behavioral and Psychosocial Variables”, International Journal of Obesity and Related Metabolic Disorders 25 (2001): 1823; N. Ressler, “Rewards and Punishments, Goal-Directed Behavior and Consciousness”, Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews 28 (2004): 27–39; T. J. Richards, “Fast Food, Addiction, and Market Power”, Journal of Agricultural and Resource Economics 32 (2007): 425–47; M. M. Torregrossa, J. J. Quinn, & J. R. Taylor, “Impulsivity, Compulsivity, and Habit: The Role of Orbitofrontal Cortex Revisited”, Biological Psychiatry 63 (2008): 253–55; L. R. Vartanian, C. P. Herman, & B. Wansink, “Are We Aware of the External Factors That Influence Our Food Intake?” Health Psychology 27 (2008): 533–38; T. Yamamoto & T. Shimura, “Roles of Taste in Feeding and Reward”, The Senses: A Comprehensive Reference , ed. Allan I. Basbaum et al. (New York: Academic Press, 2008), 437–58; F. G. Ashby, B. O. Turner, & J. C. Horvitz, “Cortical and Basal Ganglia Contributions to Habit Learning and Automaticity”, Trends in Cognitive Sciences 14 (2010): 208–15.

K. C. Berridge & T. E. Robinson, “Parsing Reward”, Trends in Neurosciences 26 (2003): 507–13; Kelly D. Brownell & Katherine Battle Horgen, Food Fight: The Inside Story of the Food Industry, America’s Obesity Crisis, and What We Can Do About It (Chicago: Contemporary Books, 2004); Karl Weber, ed., Food, Inc.: How Industrial Food Is Making Us Sicker, Fatter, and Poorer and What You Can Do About It (New York: Public Affairs, 2004); Ronald D. Michman & Edward M. Mazze, The Food Industry Wars: Marketing Triumphs and Blunders (Westport, Conn.: Quorum Books, 1998); M. Nestle, Food Politics: How the Food Industry Influences Nutrition and Health (Berkeley: University of California Press, 2002); D. R. Reed & A. Knaapila, “Genetics of Taste and Smell: Poisons and Pleasures”, Progress in Molecular Biology and Translational Science , ed. Claude Bouchard (New York: Academic Press); N. Ressler, “Rewards and Punishments, Goal-Directed Behavior and Consciousness”, Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews 28 (2004): 27–39; T. Yamamoto & T. Shimura, “Roles of Taste in Feeding and Reward”, The Senses: A Comprehensive Reference, ed. Allan I. Basbaum et al. (New York: Academic Press, 2008), 437–58.

Историей о Хопкинсе, «Pepsodent» и уходе за зубами в США я обязан Скотту Свэнку (куратору Национального музея лечения зубов имени доктора Сэмюэля Д. Харриса), Джеймсу Гатманну (DDS) и Дэвиду Чемину (редактору журнала « Journal of the History of Dentistry») . Многие сведения почерпнуты мной из следующих источников: James Twitchell, Twenty Ads That Shook the World (New York: Three Rivers Press, 2000); the Dr. Samuel D. Harris National Mu seum of Dentistry; the Journal of the History of Dentistry; Mark E. Parry, “Crest Toothpaste: The Innovation Challenge”, Social Science Research Network, 10/2008; Robert Aunger, “Tooth Brushing as Routine Behavior”, International Dental Journal 57 (2007): 364–76; Jean-Paul Claessen et al., “Designing Interventions to Improve Tooth Brushing”, International Dental Journal 58 (2008): 307–20; Peter Miskell, “Cavity Protection or Cosmetic Perfection: Innovation and Marketing of Toothpaste Brands in the United States and Western Europe, 1955–1985”, Business History Review 78 (2004): 29–60; James L. Gutmann, “The Evolution of America’s Scientific Advancements in Dentistry in the Past 150 Years”, The Journal of the American Dental Association 140 (2009): 8–15; Domenick T. Zero et al., “The Biology, Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Dental Caries: Scientific Advances in the United States”, The Journal of the American Dental Association 140 (2009): 25–34; Alyssa Picard, Making of the American Mouth: Dentists and Public Health in the Twentieth Century (New Brunswick, N.J.: Rutgers University Press, 2009); S. Fischman, “The History of Oral Hygiene Products: How Far Have We Come in 6,000 Years?” Periodontology 2000 15 (1997): 7–14; Vincent Vinikas, Soft Soap, Hard Sell: American Hygiene in the Age of Advertisement (Ames: University of Iowa Press, 1992).