Владислав Орлов: Уголовное наказание: понятие, система, объект назначения, состав отбывания. Монография

Монография предназначена для студентов, адъюнктов, аспирантов, преподавателей юридических вузов и факультетов, практикующих юристов, работников уголовно-исполнительной системы и иных правоохранительных органов, а также может представлять интерес для всех, кто интересуется уголовным наказанием.

The vitality of the studying of the notion, system, object of imposition, contents of the criminal penalty execution is defined by the long-felt need in a new theoretical understanding of the conceptional theses of penology.

Conceptual questions of the criminal penalty, including the notion, system, object of imposition of it, objective and subjective features (elements) of the contents of the criminal penalty execution are always in the purview of the penal scientists and criminologists.

Particular contribution to the development of the scientific notations about the criminal penalty, its fundamental institutions was made by the pre-revolutionary Russian jurist scientists: M. N. Gernet, S. K. Gogel, V. V. Esipov, A. A. Jijilenko, A. D. Kiselev, A. o. Kistyakovsky, N. F. Luchinsky, S. P. Mokrinsky, S. V. Poznyshev, N. S. Tagantsev, N. I. Faleev, I. Y. Foynitsky, etc.

After the revolution and until the end of the 90 th, this work was continued by G. A. Avanesov, V. M. Anisimkov, Y. M. Antonyan, Z. A. Astemirov, V. P. Artamonov, N. S. Artemiev, M. M. Babaev, L. V. Bagry-Shakhmatov, N. A. Belyaev, A. V. Brilliantov, V. I. Gorobtsov, A. Y. Grishko, V. I. Guskov, S. I. Dementiev, V. K. Duynov, V. A. Eleonsky, M. P. Juravlev, A. I. Zubkov, V. I. Ignatenko, I. I. Karpets, Y. A. Kashuba, V. E. Kvashis, S. G. Kelina, S. I. Kurganov, S. V. Maksimov, M. P. Melentiev, S. F. Milyukov, A. S. Mikhlin, A. E. Natashev, I. S. Noy, V. N. Petrashev, S. V. Polubinskaya, P. G. Ponomarev, A. L. Re-menson, V. I. Seliverstov, o. V. Starkov, N. A. Struchkov, F. R. Sundurov, K. A. Sych, Y. M. Tkachevsky, V. A. Utkin, V. A. Fefelov, V. D. Fillimonov, M. D. Shargorodsky, I. V. Shmarov, V. E. Yujanin, etc. Later, some aspects of the criminal penalty were studied by V. G. Gromov, D. S. Dyadkin, T. F. Minyazeva, A. F. Mitskevich, T. V. Nepomnyashaya, etc.

In these works, different aspects of the institutions of the criminal penalty were subject to a deep and detailed studying, but still many problems within the science on penalty and penological aspects in criminology are still not elaborated and studied enough and are still subject to discussion, demanding deep and exhaustive monographic research. First of all, it is necessary to pay attention to the fact, that recently features of the criminal penalty with criminal legal (material) and criminal executive (procedural) positions don’t make subjects to a systematic analysis.

Nowadays, the vitality of the studying of the criminal penalty and its conceptual questions is caused by the recently adopted regulatory enactments, among which the special place is given to the Concept of development of the Criminal Executive System of the Russian Federation until 2020, adopted by the Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation on October 14, 2010, № 1772-р.

It is also necessary to make notice, that, on the one hand, the legislator defines the order and conditions of servicing definite types of penalty. But on the other hand, we don’t know what he means by the order and conditions of penalty execution, what are the real object of penalty servicing, how does the subjective side of penalty servicing manifest itself, etc. Thus, partially, this work would contribute to the elaboration of these scientific gaps.

The presented edition is recommended to be published as a monograph by the Editorial Board of the bulletin «Russian Criminological Outlook» and the regional public organization «The Union of Criminalists and Criminologists».

We advice the readers, interested in getting a more detailed information about the position of the author on the number of questions and definite problems of penology, criminal penology and criminal executive law, to refer, first of all, to the editions, available at the website of the Criminological Library and Bulletin «Russian Criminological Outlook» at http://криминология. рф; http://criminology.ru; http://criminology.pro.

It is also necessary to point out that the publication of this monograph is confined to the jubilee – the 10 thAnniversary of the bulletin «Russian Criminological Outlook», which was incorporated in April 8, 2004 at the State Press Committee of the Russian Federation (Certificate on the Mass Media Printed

Edition Registration № 77-17902). The first edition of the bulletin «Russian Criminological outlook» (2005, № 1, 118pages) was subscribed in November 26, 2004 and was published in Stavropol, edition of three thousand copies. The total edition of the first issue of the bulletin was printed in the Centre of Executive Digital Printing «Caucasus-Polygraphia». Nowadays, the bulletin is edited in Moscow in Moscow State Juridical University by o. E. Kutafin (MSJA) and it is one of the most established criminological editions.

The monograph is meant for the students, military students, post-graduates, lecturers of juridical institutes and departments, juridical practitioners, officials criminal executive system and that of other law enforcement institutions. It is also could be of interest for those, interested in the criminal penalty.

В пенологии [2]особое внимание понятию уголовного наказания уделяли, уделяют и будут уделять ученые разных поколений, наук и стран. Это обуславливается рядом причин: особой значимостью данного института для общества, развитием самого общества, совершенствованием и гуманизацией уголовного наказания и многими другими.

Слово «уголовный» в русском языке означает «относящийся к преступности, к преступлениям и их наказуемости» [3]. Термин «наказание» в русском языке имеет несколько значений: 1) мера воздействия на того, кто совершил проступок, преступление; 2) о ком-чем-нибудь трудном, тяжелом, неприятном [4].

В пенологической литературе высказаны различные точки зрения о понимании уголовного наказания.

В частности И. Я. Фойницкий в своем сочинении, изданном в 1888 г., писал: «Наказание представляет собой принуждение, применяемое к учинившему преступное деяние… Принуждение наказания заключается в причинении или обещании причинить наказываемому какое-нибудь лишение или страдание; поэтому всякое наказание направляется против какого-нибудь блага, принадлежащего наказываемому, – его имущества, свободы, чести, правоспособности, телесной неприкосновенности, а иногда даже против его жизни» [5].