Шарон Моалем - А что, если они нам не враги? Как болезни спасают людей от вымирания

W. Makalowski. 2001. The human genome structure and organization. Act a Biochim Pol 48(3):587–598.

125. J. F. Hughes and J. M. Coffin. 2004. Human endogenous retrovirus K solo-LTR formation and insertional polymorphisms: implications for human and viral evolution. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 101(6):1668–1672;

S. Mi, X. Lee, X. Li, et al. 2000. Syncytin is a captive retroviral envelope protein involved in human placental morphogenesis. Nature 403(6771):785–789;

J. P. Moles, A. Tesniere, and J. J. Guilhou. 2005. A new endogenous retroviral sequence is expressed in skin of patients with psoriasis. Br J Dermatol 153(1):83–89.

126. См. стр. 1–10 в:

Salvador E. Luria, Virus Growth and Variation, B. Lacey and I. Isaacs, eds. (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1959).

127. Луис Виллареаль, из личного разговора. Подробней о его работе читайте:

L. P. Villarreal. 2004. Can viruses make us human? Proc Am Phil So 148(3):296–323;

L. P. Villarreal, Viruses and the Evolution of Life (Washington, DC: ASM Press, 2005);

L. P. Villareal. 1997. On viruses, sex, and motherhood. JVirol 71(2):859–865.

128. Charles Siebert, “Unintelligent Design,” Discover, март 2006; M. Syvanen. 1984. The evolutionary implications of mobile genetic elements. Annu Rev Genet 18:271–293;

D. J. Hedges and M. A. Batzer. 2005. From the margins of the genome: mobile elements shape primate evolution. Bioessays 27(8):785–794;

M. G. Kidwell and D. R. Lisch. 2001. Perspective: transposable elements, parasitic DNA, and genome evolution. Evolution Int J Org Evolution 55(1):1–24;

J. Brosius. 2005. Echoes from the past – are we still in an RNP world? Cytogenet Genome Res 110(1–4):8–24;

C. Biemont and C. Vieira. 2005. What transposable elements tell us about genome organization and evolution: the case of Drosophila. Cytogenet Genome Res 110(1–4):25–34;

P. Medstrand, L. N. van de Lagemaat, C. A. Dunn, et al. 2005. Impact of transposable elements on the evolution of mammalian gene regulation. Cytogenet Genome Res 110(1–4):342–352.

129. Книга на данную тему:

F. M. Berg, Underage& Overweight: The Childhood Obesity Crisis: What Every Family Needs to Know (Long Island City, NY: Hatherleigh Press, 2005).

Про маркетинг фастфуда для детей, подростков и взрослых:

E. Schlosser and C. Wilson, Chew on This: TheUnhappy Truth about Fast Food (Boston: Houghton Mi- in Company, 2006).

Короткая статья от Калифорнийского университета с любопытными ссылками:

news.ucanr.org/mediakits/Nutrition/nutritionfactsheet.shtml.

Исчерпывающий рассказ про «наблюдение за поведенческими факторами риска» от Центра контроля заболеваний США читайте по ссылке:

www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/ss4906a1.htm.

Также читайте:

W. H. Dietz and T. N. Robinson. 2005. Clinical practice: overweight children and adolescents. N Engl J Med 352(20):2100–2109;

D. S. Freedman, W. H. Dietz, S. R. Srinivasan, and G. S. Berenson. 1999. The relation of overweight to cardiovascular risk factors among children and adolescents: the Bogalusa Heart Study. Pediatrics 103(6 Pt 1):1175–1182;

S. J. Olshansky, D. J. Passaro, R. C. Hershow, et al. 2005. A potential decline in life expectancy in the United States in the 21st century. N Engl J Med 352(11):1138–1145;

Philip Cohen, “You Are What Your Mother Ate, Suggests Study,” New Scientist, 4 августа 2003

В своей статье «New Scientist» ссылается на следующую работу:

R. A. Waterland and R. L. Jirtle. 2003. Transposable elements: targets for early nutritional effects on epigenetic gene regulation. Mol Cell Biol 23(15):5293–5300; Alison Motluk, “Life Sentence,” New Scientist, October 30, 2004.

130. Rowan Hooper, “Mendel’s Laws of Inheritance Challenged,” New Scientist, 27 мая 2006;

Rowan Hooper, “Men Inherit Hidden Cost of Dad’s Vices,” New Scientist, 6 января 2006;

E. Jablonka and M. J. Lamb, Evolution in Four Dimensions: Genetic, Epigenetic, Behavioral, and Symbolic Variation in the History of Life (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 2005);

R. A. Waterland and R. L. Jirtle. 2003. Transposable elements: targets for early nutritional effects on epigenetic gene regulation. Mol Cell Biol 23(15):5293–5300;

Gaia Vince, “Pregnant Smokers Increase Grandkids’ Asthma Risk,” New Scientist, 11 апреля 2005;

Q. Li, S. Guo-Ross, D. V. Lewis, et al. 2004. Dietary prenatal choline supplementation alters postnatal hippocampal structure and function. J Neurophysiol 91(4):1545–1555;

Shaoni Bhattacharya, “Nutrient During Pregnancy Super- Charges’ Brain,” New Scientist, 12 марта 2004;

Leslie A. Pray, “Dieting for the Genome Generation,” The Scientist, 17 января 2005; Anne Underwood and Jerry Adler, “Diet and Genes,” Newsweek, 24 января 2005.

131. Цитата Рэнди Джиртл приведена в пресс-релизе Медицинского центра Университета Дьюка, доступном по ссылке:

www.dukemednews.org/news/article.php?id=6804.

Статья целиком:

R. A. Waterland and R. L. Jirtle. 2003. Transposable elements: targets for early nutritional effects on epigenetic gene regulation. Mol Cell Biol23(15):5293–5300;

Leslie A. Pray, “Epigenetics: Genome, Meet Your Environment: As the Evidence Accumulates for Epigenetics, Researchers Reacquire a Taste for Lamarkism,” The Scientist, 5 июля 2004;

I. C. Weaver, N. Cervoni, F. A. Champagne, et al. 2004. Epigenetic programming by maternal behavior. Nat Neurosci 7(8):847–854;

E. W. Fish, D. Shahrokh, R. Bagot, et al. 2004. Epigenetic programming of stress responses through variations in maternal care. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1036:167–180;

A. D. Riggs and Z. Xiong. 2004. Methylation and epigenetic fidelity Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 101(1): 4–5.

132. C. R. Camargo, E. Colares, and A. M. Castrucci. 2006. Seasonal pelage color change: news based on a South American rodent. An Acad Bras Cienc 78(1):77–86.

133. J. L. Brooks. 1965. Predation and relative helmet size in cyclomorphic Daphnia. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 53(1):119–126;

J. Pijanowska and M. Kloc. 2004. Daphnia response to predation threat involves heat-shock proteins and the actin and tubulin cytoskeleton. Genesis 38(2):81–86.

134. M. Enserink. 2004. Entomology: an insect’s extreme makeover. Science 306(5703):1881.

135. R. Richard Shine and S. J. Downes. 1999. Can pregnant lizards adjust their offspring phenotypes to environmental conditions? Oecologia 119(1):1–8.

136. P. D. Gluckman and M. Hanson, The Fetal Matrix: Evolution, Development, and Disease (New York: Cambridge University Press, 2005).

137. Shaoni Bhattacharya, “Fattening Up Skinny Toddlers Risks Heart Health,” New Scientist, 27 октября 2005;

C. N. Halesand D. J. Barker. 2001. The thrifty phenotype hypothesis. Br Med Bull 60:5–20.

138. W. Y. Kwong, A. E. Wild, P. Roberts, et al. 2000. Maternal undernutrition during the preimplantation period of rat development causes blastocyst abnormalities and programming of postnatal hypertension. Development 127(19):4195–4202.

Полезный обзор на эту тему:

V. M. VehaskariandL. L.Woods. 2005. Prenatal programming of hypertension: lessons from experimental models. JAmSocNephrol 16(9):2545–2556.