Леонард Млодинов - (Не)совершенная случайность. Как случай управляет нашей жизнью

Pierre-Simon de Laplace, quoted in Stigler, Statistics on the Table, p. 56.

James Gleick, Chaos: Making a New Science (New York: Penguin, 1987); see chap. 1.

Max Born, Natural Philosophy of Cause and Chance (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1948), p. 47. Борн имел в виду природу в общем и квантовую теорию в частности

The Pearl Harbor analysis is from Roberta Wohlstetter, Pearl Harbor: Warning and Decision (Palo Alto, Calif.: Stanford University Press, 1962).

Richard Henry Tawney, The Agrarian Problem in the Sixteenth Century (1912; repr., New York: Burt Franklin, 1961).

Wohlstetter, Pearl Harbor, p. 387.

The description of the events at Three Mile Island is from Charles Perrow, Normal Accidents: Living with High-Risk Technologies (Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1999); and U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission, «Fact Sheet on the Three Mile Island Accident»,

http://www.nrc.gov/reading-rm/doc-collections/fact-sheets/3mile-isle.html.

Perrow, Normal Accidents.

W. Brian Arthur, «Positive Feedbacks in the Economy», Scientific American, February 1990, pp. 92–99.

Matthew J. Salganik, Peter Sheridan Dodds, and Duncan J. Watts, «Experimental Study of Inequality and Unpredictability in an Artificial Cultural Market», Science 311 (February 10, 2006); and Duncan J. Watts, «Is Justin Timberlake a Product of Cumulative Advantage?» New York Times Magazine, April 15, 2007.

Mlodinow, «Meet Hollywood's Latest Genius.»

John Steele Gordon and Michael Maiello, «Pioneers Die Broke», Forbes, December 23, 2002; and «The Man Who Could Have Been Bill Gates», Business-Week, October 25, 2004.

Floyd Norris, «Trump Deal Fails, and Shares Fall Again», New York Times,]uly 6, 2007.

Melvin J. Lerner and Leo Montada, «An Overview: Advances in Belief in a Just World Theory and Methods», in Responses to Victimizations and Belief in a Just World, ed. Leo Montada and Melvin J. Lerner (New York: Plenum Press, 1998), pp. 1–7.

Melvin J. Lerner, «Evaluation of Performance as a Function of Performer's Reward and Attractiveness», Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 1 (1965): 355-60.

Melvin J. Lerner and С. H. Simmons, «Observer's Reactions to the 'Innocent Victim': Compassion or Rejection?» Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 4 (1966): 203-10.

Lerner, «Evaluation of Performance as a Function of Performer's Reward and Attractiveness.»

Wendy Jean Harrod, «Expectations from Unequal Rewards», Social Psychology Quarterly 43, no. 1 (March 1980): 126-30; Penni A. Stewart and James C. Moore Jr., «Wage Disparities and Performance Expectations», Social Psychology Quarterly 55, no. 1 (March 1992): 78–85; and Karen S. Cook, «Expectations, Evaluations and Equity», American Sociological Review 40, no. 3 (June 1975): 372-88.

Lerner and Simmons, «Observer's Reactions to the 'Innocent Victim'».

David L. Rosenhan, «On Being Sane in Insane Places», Science 179 (January 19, 1973): 237-55.

Elisha Y. Babad, «Some Correlates of Teachers' Expectancy Bias», American Educational Research Journal 22, no. 2 (Summer 1985): 175-83.

Eric Asimov, «Spirits of the Times: A Humble Old Label Ices Its Rivals», New York Times, January 26, 2005.

Jonathan Calvert and Will Iredale, «Publishers Toss Booker Winners into the Reject Pile», London Sunday Times, January 1, 2006.

Peter Doskoch, «The Winning Edge», Psychology Today, November/ December 2005, p. 44.

Rosenhan, «On Being Sane in Insane Places», p. 243.