Roger Moorhouse - The Devils' Alliance - Hitler's Pact with Stalin, 1939-1941

Soviet advance into, 35–40

Soviet deportation and exile, 246–249

Western attempts to block Nazi-Soviet pact, 21–22

Polesie Independent Operation Group, 38

Polish-Soviet Agreement, 288–289

Polish-Soviet War (1919–1921), 21

Pollitt, Harry, 99–105, 131, 282

Potemkin, Vladimir, 2–3

Priests, torture of, 94

Puppet governments, 72, 86–87

Purges, 56–57, 71, 165, 220

Raabe, Otto, 57

Racial reorganization in Poland, 46–47

Raczynski, Edward, 135–136

Railroads, 194–195

Ramsay, Archibald, 123, 152

Rapallo, Treaty of (1922), 18, 163–164

Raw materials, 142–143, 165, 173–174, 181–182, 184–185

Red Air Force, 144, 260, 263

Red Army

advance into Latvia, 85

annexation of Bessarabia, 90–91

deportations in the Baltic states, 243–249

deserters in the Baltic states, 83, 264

failure to respond to German attack, 257–258

finding a scapegoat after the German invasion, 269–270

Finnish resistance to Soviet aggression, 70–79

High Command Conference, 217–221

preemptive strike against Germany, 239–240, 253

preparedness for the German invasion, 234–235

response to German invasion, 259–267

Stalin’s aggressive stance on Germany’s preparation for war, 234–236

Zhukov’s proposal for full military readiness against Germany, 251–252

Red Navy, 190–191

Regler, Gustav, 113

Repatriation of Germans and Poles, 54–55, 68–69, 242

Resettlement commissions, 54–55

Reynaud, Paul, 150–151

Ribbentrop, Joachim von

annexation of Bessarabia, 89, 96

appointment to the Foreign Office, 18

Baltic states’ negotiation with Germany and the Soviet Union, 63

Boundary and Friendship Treaty, 40–41

British cartoon depiction, 138

Commercial Agreement, 184

dispute over Romania and Northern Bukovina, 189

draft communiqué, 27–29

German declaration of war on the Soviet Union, 255–256

German economic demands for Soviet materials, 174

Nazi-Soviet ideological similarities, 19–20

pact negotiations, 1–8, 28–29, 32

political effect of the pact, 26–27

political origins of rapprochement, 12

post-pact negotiations, 198–201, 207–209

public German discourse over the pact, 125–126

Soviet demands for German technology, 173

Soviet imprisonment of Germans, 56–57

Soviet pressure on the Baltic states, 68

Soviets’ snub, 169–170

terms of the pact, 25–27

Tripartite Pact negotiations, 213

Western attempts to block the pact, 22, 24–25

Right Club (Britain), 151–152

Ritter, Karl, 172–173, 227–228

Romania, 89, 96, 181, 186–189, 229, 243, 252

Roosevelt, Franklin D, 31, 108, 148–151, 283

Roosevelt, Kermit, 75

Rosenberg, Alfred, 12, 68, 124, 128

Rote Fahne (Red Flag), 115

Rubber supply, 181–182

Rudnev, Lev, 217

Sachsenhausen concentration camp, 42

St. Aubyn, Teddy, 134

Sargeant, Orme, 153–154

Scandinavia, German advance into, 82

Schacht, Hjalmar, 165, 167

Schmidt, Paul, 2, 6, 195, 198, 201–203, 206–207

Schnurre, Karl, 19, 165–166, 168–170, 173–175, 227–228, 241

Schulenburg, Friedrich-Werner von der, 7–8, 22, 24, 85, 89, 96, 165, 212–213, 241, 253

Secret police, 43–45, 58–59. See also Gestapo; NKVD

Secret protocol, 28

Segregation: racial reorganization in Poland, 47

Selter, Karl, 63–65

Serbia, 230

Serov Instructions, 246–247

Shirer, William, 126–127, 173

Shkvartzev, Alexei, 173

Sikorski, Wladyslaw, 285–287

Silvermaster, Helen, 108

Simon, John, 236–238

Simovic, Dusan, 229–230

Slessor, John, 145–146

Snipers, Finns’ use of, 74–75

Sobolev, Arkady, 214

Soviet Union

Allied countries’ public opinion, 134, 147–148

Allied POWs, 58

Anglo-Soviet relations, 279–281, 283–289

antifascist feeling over the pact, 117–121

Boundary and Friendship Treaty, 40–41, 63, 187–188

British attack on Baku, 142–145

British attempts to reset relations with, 154–159, 279–281

British concerns over Nazi-Soviet rapprochement, 138–140

British public opinion, 134

communists’ response to Operation Barbarossa, 277–278

defensive nature of foreign policy, 15

ethnic and social cleansing in Poland, 49–54

evacuation of Germany on the eve of war, 252

food supplies, 182–183

German declaration of war, 255–259

German military technology, 168–172, 179–180, 190, 220–221, 240–241

Germany’s dependence on raw material imports, 165–166

Hitler’s preparation to attack, 210–216

illusion of democracy in occupied Poland, 42

policies in occupied Poland, 42–46

Polish invasion, 35–40

Polish Jews fleeing, 54–55

“resettlement” of Jews from Romania and Germany, 243–244

softening of American opinion towards, 149–151

transportation of Polish Jews, 48–49

See also Baltic states; Economic cooperation, Nazi-Soviet; Molotov, Vyacheslav; Red Army; Stalin, Joseph

Soviet-Yugoslav Treaty of Friendship and Non-Aggression (1941), 230

Spain: Guernica, 145–146

Spanish Communist Party, 117

Speer, Albert, 24, 96

Stalin, Joseph

anti-Nazi rhetoric, 3–6

Boundary and Friendship Treaty, 41

breakdown during the German invasion, 267–269

British cartoon depiction, 138

Churchill’s negotiations, 154–155

Commercial Agreement, 184–185

communists’ concerns over ideological convergence with Hitler, 108–110

completion of negotiations, 28–29

confusion over Nazism and capitalism, 13

designs on Romania and Bessarabia, 89

division of Europe with Hitler, 95–96

draft communiqué, 27–29

expansion of the Axis partnership, 229–230

German invasion of Poland, 35

Hitler’s impression of, 32

Hitler’s justification for war against the USSR, 233–234

Hitler’s war directive, 211–216

impending German attack on the USSR, 221–222, 224, 226–227, 231–232, 250

justifying Nazi-Soviet collusion, 269

Molotov’s loyalty to, 17–18

NKVD intervention in the military, 266–267

pact as attack on capitalist countries, 14–15

political context of German rapprochement, 13–15

preemptive strike against Germany, 239–240, 253

pride governing economic cooperation, 187

“protection” of Latvia, 67

response to German aggression, 257–259

Soviet attack on Finland, 76, 78–79

Soviet people’s attachment to, 278

Soviet pressure on Estonia, 66

Steel production, 185

Strachey, John, 107–108

Syria, 143

Tamosaitis, Antanas, 92

Tank industry, 180, 261

Technology, 168–172, 179–180, 190, 220–221, 240–241

Teutoslavia, 142–143

Thomas, Bert, 138

Thorez, Maurice, 111

Thyssen, Fritz, 125

Timoshenko, Semyon, 78, 90, 221, 234, 251–252, 266–267

Torture, 93–95

Trade, 139–140, 142, 144. See also Economic cooperation

Tripartite Pact, 199–200, 202, 207–208, 212–213, 229

Trotsky, Leon, 37

Truman, Harry, 283

Turkey, 199, 206, 208, 229

Two Enemies, Doctrine of, 9–10

Udet, Ernst, 170–171

Ukraine, 4, 9–10, 35–36, 42–43, 275

Ulbricht, Walter, 114–115

Underground resistance, 47

Unilateralism, 12

United States

Communists’ response to the Pact, 108

domestic consensus of isolationism, 148–150

German invasion of Poland, 31–32