Саймон Бейкер: Древний Рим. Взлет и падение империи

Я искренне благодарен моим учителям Саймону Прайсу, Летеции Эдварде, Пите Фаулер, Джеймсу Морвуду и Брюсу Маккраю; моему брату Мэтью за то, что он составил мне отличную компанию для прогулок по римским руинам в Средизноморье; и наконец, моей матери Пэтси, Мартину и Кейт, моим друзьям, особенно Кари Лай, Сэму Симу, Пауле Трыбуховска, Марку Уильямсу, Хелен Румбелоу, Тони Причарду, Карду Си-верцу и Хелен Вайнштайн — за их горячую поддержку.

FOREWORD

Woolf, G. (ed), The Cambridge Illustrated History ofthe Roman World (Cambridge, 2003)

Cornell, T. J., Beginnings of Rome: Italy and Rome from the Bronze Age to the Punic Wars (London, 1995)

Woolf, G., Et Tu Brute? The Murder of Caesar and Political Assassination (London, 2006)

Wyke, M., Projecting the Past: Ancient Rome, Cinema and History (New York; London, 1997)

Hopkins, Keith and Beard, Mary, The Colosseum (London, 2005)

Bowman, A. K., Life and Letters on the Roman Frontier. Vindolanda and its People (London, 2003)

ANCIENT SOURCES

Available in translation:

Cicero's Letters to Atticus (London, 1978)

Cicero's Letters to his Friends (London, 1978)

Tacitus, The Annals of Imperial Rome (London, 1989)

Petronius and Seneca, The Satyricon, The Apocolocyntosis (The Pumpkinification of the Divine Claudius) (London, 1977)

Suetonius, Lives of the Caesars (Oxford, 2000)

Plutarch, Fall of the Roman Republic (London, 1972)

Caesar, The Civil War (London, 1967)

Josephus, The Jewish War (London, 1981)

SEVEN HILLS OF ROME

Jones, Peter and Sidwell, Keith (eds), The World of Rome: An Introduction to Roman Culture, (Cambridge, 1997)

Woolf, G. (ed), The Cambridge Illustrated History of the Roman World (Cambridge, 2003)

Hopkins, Keith, Conquerors and Slaves (Cambridge, 1978)

Griffin, Jasper, Virgil (London, 2001)

Jenkyns, Richard, Virgil's Experience: Nature and History, Times, Names, and Places (Oxford, 1998)

ANCIENT SOURCES

For Rome's early history see the following Penguin translations:

Polybius, Histories: The Rise of the Roman Empire (London, 1979)

Livy, The Early History of Rome (Bks 1-5) (London, 2002)

Livy, Rome and Italy (Bks 6-10) (London, 1982)

For Virgil, see:

Georgics (Oxford, 2006) and The Aeneid (London, 1990)

I REVOLUTION

The most accessible narrative account of the life of Tiberius Gracchus can be found in:

Richardson, Keith: Daggers in the Forum: The Revolutionary Lives and Violent Deaths of the Gracchus Brothers (London, 1976).

Other key works are:

Astin, A. E., Scipio Aemilianus (Oxford, 1967)

Stockton, David, The Gracchi (Oxford, 1979)

Astin, A.E.; Walbank, F.W.; Frederiksen, M.W.; Ogilvie, RJV1. (eds), Cambridge Ancient History, Volume 8: 'Rome and the Mediterranean to 133 вс' (Cambridge, 1989)

Beard, Mary and Crawford, Michael, Rome in the Late Republic. Problems and Interpretations (London, 1999)

Brunt, P. A., Italian Manpower (Oxford 1971)

ANCIENT SOURCES

For the Roman conquest of the Mediterranean see:

Polybius, Histories: The Rise of the Roman Empire (London, 1979) (selected excerpts)

Livy, The War with Hannibal (Bks 21-30) (London, 1970)

Livy, Rome and the Mediterranean (Bks 31-45) (London, 1976)

In Loeb Classical Library edition see:

Polybius, The Histories (Cambridge, Mass., 1922-27)

Appian, Roman History (Cambridge, Mass., 1912-13) both of which give the full Greek text and translation.

For accounts of the lives of Tiberius Gracchus and Gaius Gracchus see:

Plutarch, Makers of Rome (London, 1965)

Appian, The Civil Wars (London, 1996)

All the primary sources relating to the Gracchus brothers have been usefully collated in:

Stockton, David, From The Gracchi To Sulla: Sources for Roman History, 133-80 вс (London, 1981)

II CAESAR

The most accessible, well-researched and exciting narrative of the fell of the Roman republic can be found in:

Holland, Tom, Rubicon: The Triumph and Tragedy of the Roman Republic (London, 2003)

Two authoritative biographies of Caesar are:

Gelzer, Matthias, Caesar, Politician and Statesman (Oxford, 1968) Meier, Christian, Caesar (London, 1996)

Other key works for the late Republic are:

Beard, Mary and Crawford, Michael, Rome in the Late Republic. Problems and Interpretations (London, 1999)

Weinstock, Stefan, Drvus Julius (Oxford, 1971)

Crook, J.A.; Lintott, Andrew; Rawson, Elizabeth (eds) Cambridge Ancient History, Volume 9: The Last Age of the Roman Republic, 146-43 ВС (Cambridge, 1989)

ANCIENT SOURCES

There is a wealth of ancient sources for this period of Roman history. For Caesar's writings see:

Caesar, The Gallic War (Oxford, 1996)

Caesar, The Civil War (London, 1967)

For the contemporary letters of Cicero and his correspondents see:

Cicero's Letters to Atticus (London, 1978)

Cicero's Letters to his Friends (London, 1978)

Cicero, Selected Letters (London, 1986) (one volume)

For the ancient biographies of Pompey and Caesar see:

Plutarch, Fall of the Roman Republic (London, 1972)

Suetonius, Lives ofthe Caesars (Oxford, 2000) Qulius Caesar)

Other ancient narratives of the last decades of the republic are:

Appian, The Civil Wars (London, 1996)

Lucan, Civil War (Oxford, 1999) (poetic account)

AUGUSTUS

Wallace-Hadrill, Andrew, Augustan Rome (Bristol, 1993)

Zanker, Paul, The Power of Images in the Age of Augustus (Ann Arbor, 1988)

Beard, Mary; North, John; Price, Simon, Religions of Rome. Volume 1: 'A History'(Cambridge, 1998)

Galinsky, Karl (ed), The Cambridge Companion to the Age of Augustus (Cambridge, 2005)