Marvin Kalb - The Year I Was Peter the Great - 1956 - Khrushchev, Stalin's Ghost, and a Young American in Russia

Budapest Radio, 206, 208

Bukhara, 146–53, 157; bazaar, 150–51; Jews in, 148–50; Kalb’s detention by militiamen, 151–53

Bukovsky, Vladimir, 61

Bulganin, Nikolai: attending British embassy party with Khrushchev, 91, 92; attending U.S. embassy party with Khrushchev, 103; countering antiparty propaganda, 98; relating story about Khrushchev and Stalin, 69; Russian opinion of, 78, 198–99; at 20th Congress, 61

Bunin, Ivan, 234

Bureaucracy in Soviet Union, 195, 197, 231; impeding Kalb’s Uvarov research, 76, 79–85, 243–47, 249–50

Byrd, Richard, 44

Campbell, Kay, 274, 276

Capitalism, 46, 58, 160, 226–28, 241–42, 260. See also Socialism’s coming triumph over capitalism

Cars: Soviet fascination with, 143–44; ZISs/ZILs (limos), 117

Caspian Sea, 157–58, 160

Catherine the Great, 117, 276

CBS Foundation Fellowship, 277

CBS News, 24, 217–21; Kalb’s role at, 277; Murrow hiring Kalb at, 274–76

Central Asia, 123–55; Bukhara, 146–53; de-Stalinization’s effect on, 140, 154, 155, 159; Samarkand, 131–46; Tashkent, 124–31, 153–55

Central Historical Archives (Leningrad), 258–59

Central Lecture Hall (Leningrad), 240

Central State Archives (Moscow), 82–83, 85

Central Telegraph Office (Moscow), 221

Chayefsky, Paddy, 28, 29

Chekhov, Anton, 36, 259

China: reaction to Khrushchev’s anti-Stalin speech, 105; Sino-Soviet alliance, 277

Churchill, Winston, 12, 242

CIA officials, 46, 88

City College of New York, 7, 9–32; basketball team (Beavers) and “grand slam,” 9–10, 15–24; Campus college newspaper, Kalb on, 10, 11, 15, 21–23; dormitory (Army Hall), 30–31; Goodman as professor at, 27–32; Kalb’s choice of major, 13, 14; Kohn as professor at, 13–14; Observation Post college newspaper, 11; political factions at, 10–11, 21; religious and racial discrimination at, 14–15, 17; speech class at, 24–25

Cohen, Stanley, 16, 18

Cold War: early years of, x, 12–14, 45; end of, x; Lippmann on, 12; Truman on, 12. See also Peaceful coexistence doctrine; Thaw of 1956

Communism: as dying ideology, 270; Kalb learning about while at Harvard’s Russian Research Center, 33–37; Kalb lecturing on while in military service, 39–40; Russians speaking about, 77–78, 180–82, 258, 270; students’ commitment to, 76, 226–28. See also Socialism’s coming triumph over capitalism; 20th Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union

Communist (journal) publishing Lenin Testament, 90

Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union. See 20th Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union

Containment policy, 12, 13

Corruption, 165, 198, 260

Cronkite, Walter, 277

Cuban Missile Crisis, x, 277

Cult of personality. See Personality cult

Cultural exchange programs between East and West, 72, 252

Cyrillic script, in Central Asia, 129

Czechoslovakia: anticommunist uprisings in (1956), xii; at communist leaders’ meeting (January 1–4, 1957), 240; tourists describing to Kalb, 172–73

Dambrot, Irwin, 20

Daud, Mohammed, 200

Davis, Nat, 51

Davis, William C., 15, 17

Day, John F., 276

De-Stalinization’s effects: on Baku, 159, 162; on Central Asia, 140, 154, 155, 159; confusion generated by, 187–89, 230; factory workers on “strike,” 224–25; lasting effects of, xiii; Russian desire for truth in reporting of world events, 199–203, 205; on Tbilisi, 170–72. See also Hungary, uprisings in and Soviet response; Students; Thaw of 1956

Diary from 1956 Moscow assignment as source material for author, xiii–xiv; no names used in, xiii–xiv, 73

Diversity of Soviet Union, 109

Doctors’ plot against Stalin, 74

Draddy, Miss, 7

Dragon in the Kremlin (Kalb), 277

Dudintsev, Vladimir, Not by Bread Alone , 230–36, 239

Dulles, John Foster, 212

Dulles-Eisenhower doctrine, 242

Eastern Europe: desire to be rid of Soviets and communism in, 104, 105, 251, 260, 268, 271; Khrushchev’s determination to keep under Soviet rule, 203, 229, 241, 268–69; opposing Khrushchev’s anti-Stalin policy, 98; Stalin’s push into, 10, 12; in World War II, 67. See also Hungary; Kiev; Poland

Eastern Exposure (Kalb), 277

East Germany, uprisings in, xii, 204

Economic situation in Russia, 35, 97, 118–19, 206, 244, 269–70

Eden, Anthony, 212

Ed Sullivan Show , 20–21

Education in Soviet Union, 168. See also Students; specific universities and libraries

Egypt and Suez Canal crisis, 212–15, 242

Eisenhower, Dwight D., 212

Eliot, T. S., 249

Elizabeth II (Queen), 91

Enver Pasha, 129

Fascism, 21, 41, 204, 211, 226, 240–41, 260–61

Fingerprinting policy of United States for foreign visitors, 92, 177, 246

Fort Dix, New Jersey, 37–38

Fort Meade, Maryland, 38

France: demonstrations over Suez Canal at embassy of, 213–14; Suez Canal crisis and, 212, 242

Friedrich Engels Cotton Collective Farm (Samarkand), 141–43

Frost, Robert, 249

Gard, Eddie, 22, 24

George Washington High School (Washington Heights, N.Y.), 3–4, 6–7

Georgia: pro-Stalin stance of, 75, 176–79; Tbilisi, 165–79

Georgian Communist Party, 171

Georgian State Museum, 169–70

Germany, rearmament of, 13–14. See also East Germany

Gero, Erno, 205–08

Gerschenkron, Alexander, 35

Glazer, Nathan, 11

Gogol, Nikolai, 36, 232

Gomulka, Wladyslav, 199, 202, 203, 204, 206

Goodman, Theodore (Teddy), 27–33

Gorbachev, Mikhail, 86

Gorky, Maxim, 114; Lower Depths , 239

Gorky Park (Moscow), 229

Goryunov, Dmitril, 68

Great Depression, 1–2

Griboyedov, Alexander, 174–75

Haimson, Leo, 116

Harvard: Kalb in Ph.D. program at, 41, 43–44, 79–80, 218, 220, 273, 276; Russian Research Center, Kalb attending, 33–37; Widener Library, 253

Hayter, William, 91, 214

Herzen, Alexander, 227

Hewitt, Don, 1

Historical Library (Moscow), 79–81, 82, 88

History Institute (Moscow), 226

Hogan, Frank, 21, 23

Holdcroft, Anna, 45, 46, 57–58, 73, 104, 218, 228

Holman, Nat, 15–16, 18–24

Howe, Irving, 11

Hungary, uprisings in and Soviet response, xii, 104, 199, 201, 203–15; Catholicism and, 205–06; communist leaders’ meeting (January 1–4, 1957) on, 240–41, 243; Gero replaced by Nagy, 207–08; Hungarian troops joining with insurgents, 209; Khrushchev’s vacillation during, 204, 209–11, 268–69; Nagy’s appeals during, 208; Rakosi replaced by Gero, 205; Russians’ views on, 208–09, 226, 251–52, 258, 260–61; signaling end of year of the thaw, 265; Soviet military operations and Operation Whirlwind, 207, 211, 229; Voshchenkov speaking on, 240–42; world reaction to, 212

Ibn Battuta, 132

Icons, 167, 169–70, 190, 238

Indonesia, 242

Inferiority complex of Russians, 102–03, 193

Information, access to, 199–203. See also Truth

Inkeles, Alex, 35

Institute for Russian Literature (Leningrad), 244–46, 253

Institute of Art (Moscow), 196

Internal passports for travel with Soviet Union, 245–46

Intourist guides: at Aktyubinsk, 125; in Baku, 157, 160, 163; in Bukhara, 151; at Friedrich Engels Cotton Collective Farm (Samarkand), 141; in Georgia, 169–70; in Samarkand, 131–32; in Tashkent, 127; in Tbilisi, 166, 170; traveling without, 136, 172, 182; travel schedule arranged by, 153; at Uzbek State University (Samarkand), 138, 140

Iskra ( Spark ) newspaper, 163–64