Edwin Black - War Against the Weak

2. “Clones in the Real World,” AP Wire Service, 4 March 200 1. “Clonaid: Baby ‘Clone’ Returns Home,” Cable News Network, 1 January 2003. World Future Society, “Futurist Update,” January 2000, at www.wfs.org. “Doctor Refuses to Identify Mother, Give Evidence of Provocative Claim,” SiliconValley.ctml, 27 November 2002. “Revealed: Couple Try to Have First Human Clone Baby,” Sunday Herald, 21 July 2002.

3. Dorothy Wertz, “DNA Forensics: Professional and Patient Attitudes Internationally,” at hgm2002.hgu.mrc.ac.uk. Federal Bureau of Investigation, “Mission Statement and Backgtound,” at www.fbi.gov. Federal Bureau of Investigation, “FBI Laboratory: Forensic Systems,” at www.fbi.gov. Attorney General Transcript, “News Conference-DNA Initiatives,” 4 March 2002 as cited by Electronic Privacy Information Center and Privacy International, “Privacy and Human Rights 2002,” circa 2002, p. 30.

4. “DNA Database ‘Should Include Every Citizen,’” NewScientist.ctml, 12 September 2002. 2nd International DNA users’ Conference for Investigative Officers, “Minutes: Forensic DNA Analysis in China,” at www.Interpol.int. “The National DNA Data Bank of Canada,” brochure circa 2002. 1st International DNA users’ Conference for Investigative Officers, “Austrian National DNA Database,” circa November 1999 at www.Interpol.int. 1st International DNA users’ Conference for Investigative Officers, “The DNA Database in The Netherlands,” circa November 1999 at www.Interpol.int. “Bundestag Establishes Legal Footing for Genetic Database,” DE News, 24 June 1998. “Privacy and Human Rights 2002,” p. 109. “In Louisiana, Debate Over a DNA Dragnet,” The Christian Science Monitor, 21 February 2003.

5. “Fingerprint Fear,” NewScientist.com, 2 May 2001. R. Chen, P.S. Rabinovitch, D.A. Crispin, M. J. Edmond, K.M. Koprowicz, M.P. Bronner and T.A. Brenmall, “DNA Fingerprinting Abnormalities can Distinguish Ulcerative Colitis Patients with Dysplasia and Cancer from Those Who Are Dysplasia/Cancer-Free,” American Journol of Pathology, 162 (2) (February 2003), pp. 665-672.

6. See 1st International DNA Users’ Conference for Investigative Officers, “Minutes,” circa 1999 at www.Interpol.int. See 2nd International DNA Users’ Conference for Investigative Officers, “Minutes,” circa 2001 at www.Interpol.int.

7. Armed Forces Department of Pathology, “The Department of Defense DNA Registry,” at www.afip.org. Douglas J. Gillen, “Who Are You? DNA Registry Knows,” at www.defenselink.mil.

8. Connecticut Department of Social Services, “DSS’s Biometric ID Project,” at www.dss.state.ct.us. Also see Gregory H. Smith, “Securing our Personal Genome,” (master’s thesis, Indiana University, 2003).

9. See National Cancer Institute, “Understanding Gene Testing,” at press2.nci.nih.gov.

10. Generally see Francis Galton, Finger Prints (New York: Da Capo Press, 1965).

11. MIB Group. Inc., “About Us,” at www.mib.com. Author’s interviews with MIB Group, Inc. officials, 28 February 2003. Author’s investigation o,fMIB Group. Inc., February-March 2003.

12. Author’s investigation of MIB Group. Inc., 28 February 2003. Also see author’s interviews with MIB Group, Inc. officials, 28 February 2003.

13. See American Academy of Actuaries, “Genetic Information and Medical Expense Insurance,” monograph June 2000. pp. 2, 3.

14. American Academy of Actuaries, p. 2.

15. American Academy of Actuaries, pp. 2-3, 27-30.

16. American Academy of Actuaries, “Issue Brief: The Use of Genetic Information in Disability Income and Long-Term Care Insurance,” briefing paper of 2002. p. 7.

17. “Health Insurance Companies Accused of Genetic Bias,” British Broadcasting Corporation. 11 December 1998. Ann Deering, “Risk Reporter: Genetic Discrimination,” Risk Management Magazine.

18. “Genetic Data ‘Insurance Fear,’” British Broadcasting Corporation, 27 November 2000. “The Price of Having the Wrong Genes,” British Broadcasting Corporation, 22 January 2001. “Britain Moves to Ban Insurance Genetic Tests,” Washington Post, 30 April 2001.

19. Association of British Insurers, “Genetic Testing: Background,” at www.abi.org.uk. “Insurance Firm Admits Using Genetic Screening,” The London Times. 8 February 2001. “The Price of Having the Wrong Genes.” “Insurance Companies Announce Genetic Testing Halt,” The Scientist, 30 October 2001. Author’s interview with Norwich Union, 28 February 2003 and 5 March 2003.

20. “Moratorium on Genetic Data Use,” British Broadcasting Corporation, 23 October 2001. Author’s interview with Norwich Union, 28 February 2003 and 5 March 2003.

21. Trudo Lemmens. “Selective Justice, Genetic Discrimination, and Insurance: Should We Single Out Genes in Our Laws?” McGill Law Journal 45 347 (2000), pp. 353-354. Author’s interview with Industrial Alliance, 3 March 2003.

22. Author’s interview with Industrial Alliance, 3 March 2003.

23. “UK Forum for Genetics and Insurance,” at www.ukfgi.org.uk. International Actuarial Association, “3. Astin News / Nouvelles D’Astin,” IAA Bulletin AAI No. 36 (2002). MIB Group. Inc., “Special Section: Genetics,” at www.knowledgedigest.com.

24. Office of Technology Assessment, “The Role of Genetic Testing in the Prevention of Occupational Disease,” (April 1983), p. 35. American Management Association as cited by The National Workrights Institute, “Genetic Discrimination in the Workplace Fact Sheet,” at www.workrights.org.

25. “A Bloody Mess At One Federal Lab,” U.S. News and World Report , 23 June 1997. Author's interview with Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory, 3 March 2003.

26. “Court Declares Right to Genetic Privacy,” U.S. News & World Report, 16 February 1998. “Privacy and Human Rights 2002,” p. 83. Author’s interview with Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory, 3 March 2003.

27. Burlington Northern Santa Fe Railroad, “BNSF and EEOC Settle Genetic Testing Case Under Americans with Disabilities Act,” press release of 8 May 2002. Burlington Northern Santa Fe Railroad, “BNSF Ends DNA Testing For Carpal Tunnel Syndrome,” press release of 12 February 2001. Author’s interview with Burlington Northern Santa Fe Railroad. 27 February 2003.

28. Author’s interview with Burlington Northern Santa Fe Railroad, 27 February 2003. Author’s interview with Athena Diagnostics. 28 February 2003.

29. “China is Thwarted by Jobs Ruling.” The Guardian, 1 October 2000.

30. “DNA Database ‘Should Include Every Citizen,’” “Privacy and Human Rights 2002.” p. 30. “DNA Tests for All Will Cut Crime, Says Pioneer,” The Telegraph 19 February 2001, at www.telegraph.co.uk.

31. “Agreement Between the Minister of Health and Social Security and Islensk refdagreining ehf. in Connection With the Issuing of a License to Create and Operate a Health Sector Database (HSD),” at www.mannvernd.is. “Profiling an Entire Nation,” Associated Press, 18 February 1999. Mannvernd, “Opts Out From Icelandic Health Sector Database,” at www.mannvernd.is. Mannvernd, “Status of Lawsuits Against the Health Sector Database Act and Related Matters,” at www.mannvernd.is. International Business Machines and deCODE Genetics, “deCODE and IBM Form Strategic Alliance to Deliver Technology Solution for Applying Genetics to Drug Discovery,” press release of 23 January 2003.

32. Jean Pierre Sørensen, “IBM Life Sciences-Nordic: Pulling Together The Pieces,” Powerpoint Presentation circa 2003.

33. Mark D. Uehling, “Decoding Estonia,” BioIT World, 10 February 2003 as cited by www.genomics.eelindex.php?lang:eng&nid:140.