Gregory Freeze - Russia - A History

Ahasuerus and Esther 87

AIDS 483

Aivazovskii, I. 193

Akhmatova, A. 339, 396–7

Alaska 194

alcoholism 444, 453

Aleksandrov, G.A. 414

Alekseev, M.V. 296

Aleksii II, Patriarch 514, 562

Alexander I 165–6, 168, 185–6, 188, 191, 193, 202, 545–7

Alexander II 202, 223, 226, 230–2, 234, 240, 250, 256, 546

Alexander III 240, 256, 278, 547

Alexander Nevsky 15–16, 68, 539–40

Alexander of Tver 17, 19–20

Alexander the Great 123

Alexandra 271

Alexandria, patriarch of, 89

Alexis, Metropolitan 26, 58

Alexis, Tsar 79–80, 82–5, 87–8

Alexis, tsarevich 116, 120–2

All-Union Communist Party (Bolshevik) 317; see also Communist Party of the Soviet Union

Alma-Ata, 464, 550, 554

alphabet, Cyrillic, 306, 543

Altai, 194, 481

Amsterdam 78, 93

Amur River 98, 441

Ancient Russian Library 164

Andreeva, N. 460, 554

Andrei, prince 12, 16, 539

Andrei (Bogoliubskii), prince 12, 539

Andropov, Iu. 418, 438, 447, 449, 452–3, 553

Andrusovo, Armistice of, 86, 98, 542

Anglo-Russian Trade Agreement (1921) 320

Anglo-Russian Trade Treaty (1734) 129

Anna 6

Anna Ivanovna, empress 116, 124–9, 131, 146, 544

Anna Leopol’dovna 128

Anna Petrovna 124

Anti-Ballistic Missile Treaty (ABM) 517, 557, 559

Anti-Christ 97, 101

anti-party group 422, 552

anti-religious campaign 337, 350, 429

Antioch, patriarch of, 89

apanage (udel) 19, 38

‘April Theses’ 281

Arakcheev, A. 180

Aral Sea 372

Archangel 102–3, 129, 419, 542

architecture 6, 35, 56, 305, 337, 339, 357

‘archival revolution’ x

Arifmetika 109

Armenia 299, 426

army 4, 13, 22–4, 37–8, 45–9, 52, 59, 63, 67, 70, 72, 74, 77–9, 91, 109–15, 120, 124, 134, 159, 176–8, 180–1, 185, 191, 196, 211, 215–16, 255, 261, 264, 220, 270–1, 277, 280, 282, 287, 289, 293, 296–8, 300, 302–3, 327, 354, 365–6, 371, 374–82, 510–11, 550–1; see also military; soldiers

art 7, 22, 26, 190, 265–6, 299, 337–8, 387, 397, 429, 513

artel 349, 393

article 87: 258

artisan 7–8, 37, 39, 42, 47, 66, 101–2, 109, 138–9, 178, 180, 221, 223–4, 385, 395

Asia 119, 256, 300, 344, 419, 438, 444, 548, 555, 561

Assembly of Russian Factory Workers 250

Astrakhan 28, 32, 41, 51

atomic bomb 383, 399, 402, 552

Augustus II 106, 110, 113, 115–16

Austerlitz, 175

Austria 103–4, 106, 123, 129, 134–6, 175, 179, 195–6, 245, 256, 264, 270, 393, 544

Austria-Hungary 245, 256

autocracy 45–6, 48, 51, 53, 62, 64, 69, 74, 80, 82, 84, 90–1, 97, 126, 132–3, 149, 184, 186, 192, 226–8, 231–2, 234–5, 250, 253, 277, 281, 544–7

Averbakh, L.L. 356

Avvakum 88, 89, 95

Azerbaijan 299, 462, 554

Azeris 398, 400, 462

Azov 79, 101–4, 108, 115, 129, 135, 193, 542, 547

Babitskii, A. 505

Bakhchisarai, Peace of, 91

Baku 215, 227

Bakunin, M. 227

Balakhna, 343

Balkan Wars (1912–13) 265

Balkans 195–6, 243, 270

Balkars 419

Baltic Germans 232

Baltic Sea 23, 31

Baltics 154, 256, 378, 395, 417, 462, 518, 543

banks and banking 148, 173, 216, 219, 232, 473–5, 478, 483, 496, 499–500, 511–12, 524, 526, 544, 547, 557

Baptist Church 336

‘Barge Haulers’ 223

barshchina xix, 173, 545

Basaev, S. 561

Bashkirs 41, 47, 129, 151–2, 154, 156, 544

Bashkortostan 515, 555

Basil, Byzantine emperor, 6

baskaki 16

batrak xix

Batu 14–16

Batumi 419

Bauman, K. Ia. 351

Bayer, G. 130

Bazarov, 226

bedniak xix

Beggrov, A.K. 194

Belarus 136, 369, 464, 521, 554–7; see also Belorussia

Belavezh Accord 464

Belevskie 39, 49

Belgorod 42

Belinskii, V.G. 192, 546

belomestnye atamany 51

Beloozero 19–21, 35–7

Belorussia xii, 151–2, 223, 256, 299, 375, 382, 426, 464, 551; see also Belarus

Belskie, princes 39

Bely, A. 265

Belyi raion 368

Berezov 97

Berezovskii, B. 469, 501, 558

Beria, L.P. 370, 404, 439, 410–11, 416, 550, 552

Bering Expedition 119, 130

Berlin 134, 165, 230, 244, 320, 379, 382–3, 398–400, 428, 546, 552

Berlin, Peace of, 546

Berlin, Treaty of, 320

beschest’e 57

Beshehr 560

Beslan 560

besprizorniki xix, 328, 334–5

Bessarabia, 256, 371, 378, 402

Bezborodko, A. 186

Bezbozhnik 336

Bezdna 208

Bibikov, D.G. 203

Bidloo, N. 107, 119

Biron, E.J. 127–8, 544

Bismarck, O. 233, 262

Bits of This and That 164

Black Sea, 3, 135–6, 154–5, 196, 243, 270, 375, 380, 520, 554, 557

blackearth 42, 205–7, 215, 239, 302

black peasant 37, 46

‘Blessed is the Heavenly Host’ (icon), 58

Blok, A. 265–6

Bloody Sunday 250, 252, 548

Blumentrost, L. 130

Board of Public Welfare 158

Bodrov, S. 473

Boeing 476

Bogdanov, A.A. 303–4

Bogoliubovo 12

Bolotnikov, I. 69

Bolotnikov rebellion 69

Bolsheviks 246–7, 269, 273–4, 280–1, 284, 286, 289–92, 295–302, 305, 307–11, 317–21, 329–33, 340, 343–5, 348–70

bondsmen 67, 69, 76, 81, 84, 95

Bonn 418

books 43, 78, 88, 91–2, 107, 109–10, 117–18, 148, 161, 165, 181, 227, 439, 471

Borderlands of Russia 223

Boris (Godunov) 52, 62, 65–8

Boris Godunov 66

Borodin, P. 471, 490, 545

Borodino, Battle of, 177, 545

Bosnia 264

Bosnia-Herzegovina 270

Botswana 475

Bourbon 186

bourgeoisie 219, 228, 235, 246–8, 260, 269, 275–6, 279–80, 285, 289, 292–3, 295–6, 301, 303, 305, 315–6, 332, 334, 337–40, 344, 347, 355, 357, 396, 426, 447

Boyar Duma xix, 65, 68

Boyars 22, 37–8, 44, 46, 55, 58–9, 61, 68–9, 71

Braudel, F. 31–2, 62

Brest-Litovsk Treaty 301

Brezhnev, L.I. 406, 408, 419, 434, 437–40, 443–5, 448–9

British Communist Party 320

Briullov, K. 193

Briusov, V. 265

Brodsky, J. 429

Bronze Horseman 101, 133

Brothers Karamazov 547

Brown R. 130

Bruce, J. 107, 118

Budennyi, S.M. 298, 387

budget 75, 111, 118, 159, 258, 261, 264, 335, 393, 408, 423, 454–6, 465, 471–3, 497–9, 507–8, 510–12, 525, 562

Bülffinger, G. 130

Bukharin, N. 311, 313–16, 318–19, 324–7, 344, 351, 362, 367, 549–50

Bulavin, K. 114–15, 543

Bulgakov, S. 266

Bulganin, N. 412, 422–3, 552

Bulgaria 393, 402

Bulgars 2, 4, 9, 12, 21, 42

Bullitt, W. 300

Bulygin Duma 254

Burdzhalov, E.N. 420

bureaucracy 38, 45, 61, 66, 71, 133, 200, 204, 208, 218–19, 227, 238, 241, 266, 272, 278, 293–4, 310, 342, 357, 360, 366, 412, 421–2, 509

Burke, E. 180

Burnt by the Sun 473

Bush, G.H.W. 473

Bush, G.W. 486, 515–7, 523, 559

Bushkovitch, P. 44

byvshie 303

Byzantium 2–4, 6–9, 22, 51, 58–9, 89, 133, 179

Cambridge University 130, 134

cameralism 109

capital flight 476–7, 499

capitalism 246–8, 292, 344, 360, 395, 484, 547

Cardis, Peace of, 86

Carlsbad 120

Carolingian court 52

Caspian Sea 32, 110, 123, 129, 156, 219, 394, 543

Cathedral of Annunciation 513

Cathedral of St Sophia 7–8

Cathedral of the Dormition 8, 22

Cathedral of the Nativity of the Virgin 32

Catherine I: 119, 123–6, 130, 134, 547

Catherine II (the Great) xiii, 85, 131–41, 149–51, 153–9, 161, 163–6, 168, 170, 172–3, 179, 190, 194, 544