Michael Neufeld - The Rocket and the Reich

11. Schubert chronicle, 22.8.43. in BA/MA, RH8/v.1210; Reissinger to Fromm, 23.8.43, in NASM, FE341.

12. WvB(?) minutes, 25.8.43 meeting, in NASM, FE732.

13. Speer office chronicle, 26.8.43, in BA, R3/1738.

14. Bornemann, Geheimprojekt , 21–27, 36–43; Bornemann and Broszat, “Das KL,” 156–60.

15. Schubert chronicle, 28.9.43, in BA/MA, RH8/v.1210; WD to Fromm, 31.5.44, in BA/MA, RH8/v.3730.

16. Schubert chronicle, 28.9., 8.12, 16.12.43, in BA/MA, RH8/v.1210; interview with Mr. and Mrs. Manfred Schubert, Dr. and Mrs. Hans Geipel, and Mr. and Mrs. Gerhard Zanssen, 1990; WD, V-2 , 185, 209–10, 214; Rossmann on Kammler visit, 11.2.44, in NASM, FE694/f; HAP 11 Organisationsplan, 15.3.44, NASM, FE424.

17. WD to Fromm, 31.5.44, in BA/MA, RH8/v.3730; WD, V-2 , 176–79; British interrogation of WD, 20.8.45, in NA, RG319, IRR files, WD dossier; Hölsken, V-Waffen , 62–63, 117–19; Kennedy, Vengeance Weapon 2, 32.

18. WD, V-2 , 214; Reisig OHI, 1989, 99; Hölsken, V-Waffen , 55; Kammler to Brandt, 23.10.43, in NA, T-175/122/2647410; WD, V-2 , 213–14; Himmler Kalendarnotizen, 28.9.43, in BA, NS19/1444.

19. Freund, Arbeitslager Zement , 61–74; Schubert chronicle, 12–20.9., 8.12., 27.12. and 28.12.43, 15.1., 22.1., 2.2. and 3–5.2.44, in BA/MA, RH8/V.1210; WvB, “ Vorschläge… ,” 2.10.43, in NASM, FE692/f; Kammler telegram to Brandt/Pers. Stab RFSS, 20.10.43, in BA, NS19/3546.

20. WvB, “ Vorschläge… ,” 2.10.43, in NASM, FE692/f; Schubert chronicle, 11.10.43, in BA/MA, RH8/V.1210; Wiesman OHI, 6–7; Huzel, Peenemünde , 61–62; Hermann, “Supersonic Wind Tunnel,” 445–46; Kurzweg, “Aerodynamic Development,” in Benecke and Quick, History , 52.

21. Middlebrook, Peenemünde Raid , 27–28, 152; Heimburg OHI, 58–59; Dahm OHI, 26–27; Wiesman OHI, 8–9; WD, V-2 , 168.

22. Schubert chronicle, 17.6, 18.6., 11.7, 8.9., 13.10., 19.10., 20.10., 23.10, 16.11, and 20.11.43, in BA/MA, RH8/v.1210; WvB to Degenkolb, 12.11.43, in NASM, FE732; Rees to Storch, 6.7.44, and Storch to Kammler, 21.8.44, in NASM, FE692/f.

23. Degenkolb and WD minutes, 11.9.43 meeting, and Kunze minutes, 1.11.43 meeting, in NASM, FE732; WvB, “Bericht…,” 20.9.43, in NASM, FE692f; Freund and Perz, Das Kz , 84–88; Bornemann, Geheimprojekt , 46–62; Ordway and Sharpe, Rocket Team , 66–67. A 1.10.43 document in BA, NS4 Anhang/32, shows that Sawatzki originally planned for a Mittelwerk output of 1,800 a month, but that was quickly rejected as unrealistic.

24. Freund, Arbeitslager Zement , 58–59; Freund and Perz, Das Kz , 84–86; Heimburg OHI, 59–64; Ordway and Sharpe, Rocket Team , 84–87; WvB to Tessmann, 14.2.44, and WvB telegram to Justrow, 29.8.44, in NASM, FE692/f.

25. WvB pilot log, 1943–44, SRCH, WvB Papers; Kunze minutes, 1.11.43 meeting (with marginalia by WvB), and WvB to Degenkolb, 10.11.43 and 12.11.43, and WvB handwritten documents in NASM, FE732 (also in SRCH, WvB Papers); Freund and Perz, Das Kz , 86.

26. Bornemann, Geheimprojekt , 44–61; Rudolph testimony, 28.5.47, in NA, M-1079/1/401–2.

27. Bornemann, Geheimprojekt , 44–45; Rickhey statement, 25.6.47, and WvB defense questionnaire responses, 14.10.47, in NA, M-1079/4/144, 170; Bannasch testimony, 10.12.47, and Kunze testimony, 15.12.47, in NA, M-1079/10/808–10, 1060–61.

28. Kammler to Brandt, 16.10.43, in BA, NS19/3546; A-4 contract, 19.10.43, and Kettler and Förschner to Kühle, 20.11.43, in BA, NS4 Anhang/31; construction contract documents, 1943–44, in BA, NS4 Anhang/32; Kunze minutes, 1.11.43 meeting, in NASM, FE732; Bornemann, Geheimprojekt , 46–55.

29. Bornemann and Broszat, “Das KL,” 165–66; testimony of SS-Col. Gerhardt Maurer, 13.11.47, in NA, M-1079/9/447–56.

30. Michel, Dora , 68; Bornemann, Geheimprojekt , 64–66; Bornemann and Broszat, “Das KL,” 166–71.

31. Michel, Dora , 70; Bornemann, Geheimprojekt , 65.

32. Bomemann and Broszat, “Das KL,” 168–71.

33. Speer office chronicle, 10.12.43, in BA, R3/1738; Speer, Inside, 474–75; Speer to Kammler, 17.12.43, in BA, R3/1585.

34. Speer office chronicle, 13.1. and 14.1.44, in BA, R3/1739; Speer, Inside , 474–75, 481; Speer, Infiltration , 211–12; Schmidt, Albert Speer , 181–95.

35. Béon, La planète Dora; interrogation of prisoner Verheyn, 14.4.45, in NA, M-1079/4/788, 790; Freund, Arbeitslager Zement , 121–28.

36. Franklin, An American , 78–79, and (for OSI interrogation of Rudolph, 4.2.83) 311.

37. Speer to Himmler, 22.12.43, in BA, R3/1583; Hölsken, V-Waffen , 61.

38. WvB, “Behind the Scenes,” 30–31, SRCH, WvB Papers; WvB, “Reminiscences,” 143.

39. WvB, “Behind the Scenes,” 31, and WvB pilot log, 1943–44, in SRCH, WvB Papers; WvB affidavit, 18.6.47, in FOIA release, INSCOM; Irving, Mare’s Nest , 205–6; Ordway and Sharpe, Rocket Team , 45; Himmler Kalendernotizen, 7–22.2.44, in BA, NS19/1444.

40. Kammler SS-officer file, BDC.

41. Speer, Inside , 421–28; Schmidt, Albert Speer , 85–99.

42. Jodl diary, 8.3.44, in NA, T-77/1429/144–45 (handwritten), T-77/1430/923 (typed); Irving, Mare’s Nest , 207–8; HAP 11 Organisationsplan, 15.3.44, NASM, FE424.

43. Jodl diary, 8.3.44, in NA, T-77/1430/923; Irving, Mare’s Nest , 206–8; Saur minutes, 5.3.44, in Boelcke, Deutschlands Rüstung , 341; Speer, Infiltration, 226–37.

44. Jodl diary, 8.3.44, in NA, T-77/1430/923; Irving, Mare’s Nest , 207–8; Horeis, Rolf Engel , 24–25; Himmler Kalendernotizen, 22.2.44–19.3.44, in BA, NS19/1444.

45. WvB, “Behind the Scenes,” 31, and pilot log, 1943–44, in SRCH, WvB Papers; WvB affidavit, 18.6.47, security questionnaire, 6.8.52, and CIC interview, 30.3.53, in FOIA release, INSCOM; Magnus von Braun CIC interview, 26.3.53, in FOIA release, INSCOM; Ordway and Sharpe, Rocket Team , 46–47; Bergaust, Wernher von Braun , 79; BzbV Heer minutes, 21.3.44 meeting, in NASM, FE692/f. The March 15 date in WD, V-2 , 200, is certainly incorrect.

46. WD, V-2 , 200–203.

47. Ibid., 203–7; Himmler Kalendernotizen, 23.3.44, in BA, NS19/1444; Hoffman, History , 294–95; Speer, Inside , 476; Speer office chronicle, 17–24.3.44, in BA, R3/1739.

48. WvB, “Behind the Scenes,” 31, SRCH, WvB Papers; WvB, “Reminiscences,” 143; WvB affidavit, 18.6.47, in FOIA release, INSCOM; Speer, Inside, 476; Speer minutes, 13.5.44, in Boelcke, Deutschlands Rüstung , 362; Riedel II death announcement, 5.8.44, in BA/MA, RH8/v.1941; Ordway and Sharpe, Rocket Team , 48.

49. For WvB’s attitudes, see Heimburg OHI, 82–84; Huzel, Peenemünde , 119–20. For the mythology, see Ordway and Sharpe, Rocket Team , and Bainbridge, Spaceflight Revolution .

50. WvB(?), “Lagebericht A4,” 5.12.43, in BA/MA, RH8/v.1954.

51. WD, V-2 , 215–18.

52. Ibid.; WvB minutes, 4.4.44, in BA/MA, RH8/v.1278; Moser/BzbV Heer report, 17.4.44, in NASM, FE331.

53. WvB, “Behind the Scenes,” 32, and WvB pilot log, 1943–44, SRCH, WvB Papers; WD, V-2 , 220–22, 228–30; Steinhoff to T10, 23.6.44, in BA/MA, RH8/v.1278; Börgemann report, 6.10.44, in NASM, FE726; WvB to Arthur C. Clarke, 30.8.51, in SRCH, WvB Papers, BIS correspondence file.

54. Bühl/EW 2132, 31.10.44, in NASM, FE766.

55. Ibid.; minutes of 1.6.44 and 23.6.44 meetings in BA/MA, RH8/v.1278; Stegmaier report, 8.3.45, in NASM, FE763/c; Reisig Aktenvermerk, 13.3.45, in NASM, FE766; WD, V-2 , 218–22.