Diana Preston - Before the Fallout

“from total extinction”: Quoted in Bix, Hirohito and the Making of Modern Japan, p. 526.

“Havingfound…young Americans”: Quoted in C. Clemens, ed., Truman Speaks, p. 69.

The academic study of American editorals is quoted in Alperovitz, The Decision to Use the Atomic Bomb, p. 427. PRO file CAB/ 126/ 191 provides an extensive, considered analysis of world press reaction.

“We were packing… six months later”: Quoted in Sir M. Gilbert, The Day the War Ended, p. 401.

“When the bombs after all”: P. Fussell, Kansas City Star and Times, 3 o August 1981.

“acutely depressing effect”; “it was wasted”: A. Werth, Russia at War, p. 1037.

“Hiroshima destroyed”: Quoted in Holloway, Stalin and the Bomb, p. 132.

“I was revered”: A. Sakharov, Memoirs, p. 92.

“If a child refused”: Quoted in Holloway, Stalin and the Bomb, p. 132.

“I wonder here?”; “Microphones respect”: Quoted in Bernstein, Hitler’s Uranium Club, p. 78.

“Hahn was incredulity”: Ibid., p. 110.

“told me… about it”: Transcript of Hahn’s interview for the BBC program “Too Near the Sun,” 1965.

“Major Rittner… consoles me”: All quotes in this paragraph are from Bernstein, Hitler’s Uranium Club, pp. 116—17.

“each one said unimportant”: Ibid., p. 120.

“and only tolerated margins”: Ibid., p. 321.

“I believe succeeded”: Ibid., p. 122.

“I don’t believe… succeed”: Ibid.

“At the bottom bomb”: Ibid., p. 123.

“I thank God… uranium bomb”; “an inhuman weapon”: Ibid., p. 125.

“sabotaged do so”: Ibid., p. 127.

“At 2 am… to bed”: Ibid., p. 322.

“a ton”: Ibid., p. 129.

“mostly silent”: Ibid., p. 333.

“not much moment”: Quoted in Pharr Davis, Lawrence and Oppenheimer, p. 251.

“sweet technology”: E. Teller, quoted in his obituary, Economist, 20 September 2003.

“gazing hell”: Quoted in Herken, Brotherhood of the Bomb, p. 2gy.

“If it is… grant clearance”: U.S. Atomic Energy Commission transcript of hearing In the Matter of J. Robert Oppenheimer, p. 726.

“would be astounded”: Ibid., p. 165.

“Had I known finger!”: Quoted in D. Bodanis, E=MC 2, p. 218.

“had plumbed peer into”: Quoted in Rowlands, 120 Years of Excellence, p. 23.

“Colleagues and friends statement”: The quotes in this paragraph are from Peierls, Bird of Passage, pp. 223—24.

“I have… reality”: Williams, Klaus Fuchs, p. 177.

“very nasty”: Author’s interview with Bethe, April 2002.

“suppressing the past”; “I am part of that suppressed past”: Quoted in Sime, Lise Meitner, p. x.

“Let it be understood. between nations”; “Let those… war”: Tibbets, Mission Hiroshima, p. 6.

The debate about what difference it would have made had Rutherford not lived is described in Snow’s Variety of Men, pp. 6-7 , from which the quotes are taken. Snow took part in the discussion.

“quietly unity”: Ibid., p. yg.

“The main… throughout the war”; “essential”: Quoted in Szasz, British Scientists and the Manhattan Project, p. 97.

“I think… taken their place”: Quoted in transcript of interview for BBC TV program “The Building of the Bomb,” 1965.

The extent of Fuchs’s help to the Russians is discussed interalia in Holloway, Stalin and the Bomb, pp. 222–23, and in Szasz, British Scientists and the Manhattan Project, p. 94-328. “ catch up and overtake”: Quoted in Holloway, Stalin and the Bomb, p. 133.

“just another military weapon”: Quoted in Szasz, British Scientists and the Manhattan Project, p. 77

“between 1943 and 1945… voted”: E. Teller’s introduction to Groves’s account Now It Can Be Told, p. v.

“without Groves anything”: Teller, Memoirs, p. 277.

“Mr. Roosevelt… to do it”: Ermenc, Atomic Bomb Scientists, p. 252.

J. W. Dower’s War Without Mercy discusses racial issues in the Pacific War in great detail.

“assigned annihilated”: Leatherneck, March 1945.

The issue of Life is 22 May 1944.

“yellow monkeys”; “rarin meat”: Quoted in Dower, War Without Mercy, p. 87.

“It seemed to him bad”; “As far original islands”: Note from an official in the British Embassy in Washington to the foreign office of 6 August 1942 in PREM 4/42/9, PRO.

“sensible and responsible women… than ours”: Quoted in V Cronin, Paris on the Eve 1900-14, p. 316.

“The sidelining of Ida Noddack at the bottom”: The two quotations in this paragraph are from Bryson, A Short History of Nearly Everything, p. 123.

“really absurd”: Quoted in Rayner-Canham, A Devotion to Their Science, p. 223.

The decision to use the atomic bomb is the subject of a major study of that name by G. Alperovitz, which is a key reference work for all research in this area.

“The experience… Japan”: Truman, Year of Decisions, p. 412.

“In the days came in”: J. F. Byrnes, U.S. News & World Report, 18 August 1960.

“After the atomic bomb… kill”: Quoted in Alperovitz, The Decision to Use the Atomic Bomb, p. 274.

“Japan was… air blockade”: W. D. Leahy, I Was There, p. 304.

“to shock them into action”; “out of their determination… defense”: Bix, Hirohito and the Making of Modern Japan, p. 525.

“There was [making peace]”: Ibid., p. 751.

“in a sense… circumstances”: Yongi Mitsumasa, quoted in ibid., p. 509.

“When one considers saved Japan”: Quoted in Szasz, The Day the Sun Rose Twice , p . 150.

“The greatest obstacle of the Throne”: J. C. Grew, Turbulent Era, vol. 2, p. 1429.

“I personally think.of acceptance”: Memo included in Stimson’s diary for 2 July 194 c, CUL/S.

“might not be expressed national existence”: Quoted in Ehrman, Grand Strategy, vol. 6, PP.302-3

“Subject… government”: Foreign Relations of the U. S., Potsdam II, pp. 12 68—69.

“I spoke put it in”: Stimson’s diary for 24 July 1945, CUL/S.

“The available sources… to remain”: The Gallup Poll is cited in Bix, Hirohito and the Making of Modern Japan, p. 544.

“like a little boy on a toboggan”: Look magazine, 13 August 1963.

“At no time… be justified”: Stimson’s article in the February 1947 issue of Harper’s Magazine was extensively cleared in advance with former colleagues, cf. Alperovitz, PP.450-79

“conflict… Nazis”: Teller, Memoirs, p. 233.

“I could not imagine enthusiastically”: Ibid., p. 231.

“the right [correct] position chose that”: Bernstein, Hitler’s Uranium Club, p. 155.