Элизабет Колберт - Шестое вымирание. Неестественная история

71 Alvarez L. W. Experimental Evidence That an Asteroid Impact Led to the Extinction of Many Species 65 Million Years Ago . Proc Natl Acad Sci 80 (1983): 627–642.

72 Lenton T. M. et al. First Plants Cooled the Ordovician . Nat Geosci 5 (2012): 86–89.

73 Kearsey T. et al. Isotope Excursions and Palaeotemperature Estimates from the Permian/Triassic Boundary in the Southern Alps (Italy). Palaeogeogr Palaeoclimatol Palaeoecol 279 (2009): 29–40.

74 Shen S-Z. et al. Calibrating the End-Permian Mass Extinction . Science 334 (2011): 1367–1372.

75 Kump L. et al. Massive Release of Hydrogen Sulfide to the Surface Ocean and Atmosphere during Intervals of Oceanic Anoxia . Geology 33 (2005): 397–400.

76 Zimmer C. Introduction to paperback edition of T. rex and the Crater of Doom , Princeton, N. J.: Princeton University Press, 2008.

77 Zalasiewicz J. The Earth After Us: What Legacy Will Humans Leave in the Rocks ? Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2008.

78 Stolzenburg W. Rat Island: Predators in Paradise and the World’s Greatest Wildlife Rescue . New York: Bloomsbury, 2011.

79 Hunt T. L. Rethinking Easter Island’s Ecological Catastrophe . J Archaeol Sci 34 (2007): 485–502.

80 Crutzen P. J. Geology of Mankind . Nature 415 (2002): 23.

81 Zalasiewicz J. et al. Are We Now Living in the Anthropocene? GSA Today 18 (2008): 4–8.

82 Hall-Spencer J. M. et al. Volcanic Carbon Dioxide Vents Show Ecosystem Effects of Ocean Acidification . Nature 454 (2008): 96–99.

83 Kiessling W. and Simpson C. On the Potential for Ocean Acidification to Be a General Cause of Ancient Reef Crises . Global Change Biol 17 (2011): 56–67.

84 Knoll A. H. Biomineralization and Evolutionary History . Rev Mineral Geochem 54 (2003): 329–356.

85 Carson R. Silent Spring . 40th anniversary ed. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 2002.

86 Chu J. Timeline of a Mass Extinction . MIT News Office, published online Nov. 18, 2011.

87 Kump L. et al. Ocean Acidification in Deep Time . Oceanography 22 (2009): 94–107.

88 Bowen J. and Bowen M. The Great Barrier Reef: History, Science, Heritage . Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2002.

89 Sheppard C. et al. The Biology of Coral Reefs . Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2009.

90 Hoegh-Guldberg O. et al. Coral Reefs under Rapid Climate Change and Ocean Acidification . Science 318 (2007): 1737–1742.

91 Caldeira K. and Wickett M. E. Anthropogenic Carbon and Ocean pH . Nature 425 (2003): 365.

92 Fabricius K. E. et al. Losers and Winners in Coral Reefs Acclimatized to Elevated Carbon Dioxide Concentrations . Nat Clim Change 1 (2011): 165–169.

93 Veron J. E. N. Is the End in Sight for the World’s Coral Reefs ? e360, published online Dec. 6, 2010.

94 De’ath G. et al. The 27 -Year Decline of Coral Cover on the Great Barrier Reef and Its Causes . Proc Natl Acad Sci 109 (2012): 17995–17999.

95 Silverman J. et al. Coral Reefs May Start Dissolving when Atmospheric CO 2 Doubles . Geophys Res Lett 36 (2009): L05606.

96 Plaisance L. et al. The Diversity of Coral Reefs: What Are We Missing? PLOS ONE 6 (2011): e25026.

97 Carpenter K. E. et al. One-Third of Reef-Building Corals Face Elevated Extinction Risk from Climate Change and Local Impacts . Science 321 (2008): 560–563.

98 Chilvers J. Reprinted in Heatwole H. et al. Community Ecology of a Coral Cay: A Study of One Tree Island, Great Barrier Reef, Australia . The Hague: W. Junk, 1981.

99 Lopez B. Arctic Dreams . (1986) Reprint. New York: Vintage, 2001.

100 DeWolf G. P. Native and Naturalized Trees of Massachusetts . Amherst: Cooperative Extension Service, University of Massachusetts, 1978.

101 Whitfield J. In the Beat of a Heart: Life, Energy, and the Unity of Nature . Washington, D. C.: National Academies Press, 2006.

102 Humboldt A. von and Bonpland A. Essay on the Geography of Plants . Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2008.

103 Humboldt A. von. Views of Nature: Or Contemplations on the Sublime Phenomena of Creation; with Scientific Illustrations . London: H. G. Bohn, 1850.

104 Mittelbach G. G. et al. Evolution and the Latitudinal Diversity Gradient: Speciation, Extinction and Biogeography . Ecol Lett 10 (2007): 315–331.

105 Janzen D. H. Why Mountain Passes Are Higher in the Tropics . American Naturalist 101 (1967): 233–249.

106 Wallace A. R. Tropical Nature and Other Essays . London: Macmillan, 1878.

107 Feeley K. J. et al. Upslope Migration of Andean Trees . J Biogeogr 38 (2011): 783–791.

108 Wallace A. R. The Wonderful Century: Its Successes and Its Failures . New York: Dodd, Mead, 1898.

109 Urrutia R. and Vuille M. Climate Change Projections for the Tropical Andes Using a Regional Climate Model: Temperature and Precipitation Simulations for the End of the 21 st Century . J Geophys Res 114 (2009): D02108.

110 Catenazzi A. et al. Batrachochytrium Dendrobatidis and the Collapse of Anuran Species Richness and Abundance in the Upper Manú National Park, Southeastern Peru . Conserv Biol 25 (2011) 382–391.

111 Barnosky A. D. Heatstroke: Nature in an Age of Global Warming . Washington, D. C.: Island Press / Shearwater Books, 2009.

112 Thomas C. et al. Extinction Risk from Climate Change . Nature 427 (2004): 145–148.

113 Thomas C. First Estimates of Extinction Risk from Climate Change . In Hannah L. J. (ed.) Saving a Million Species: Extinction Risk from Climate Change . Washington, D. C.: Island Press, 2012.

114 Tripati A. K. et al. Coupling of CO 2 and Ice Sheet Stability over Major Climate Transitions of the Last 20 Million Years . Science 326 (2009): 1394–1397.

115 Tollefson J. Splinters of the Amazon . Nature 496 (2013): 286–289.

116 Hooke R. et al. Land Transformation by Humans: A Review . GSA Today 22 (2012): 4–10.

117 Ellis E. C. and Ramankutty N. Putting People in the Map: Anthropogenic Biomes of the World . Front Ecol Environ 6 (2008): 439–447.

118 Bierregaard R. O. et al. Lessons from Amazonia: The Ecology and Conservation of a Fragmented Forest . New Haven, Conn.: Yale University Press, 2001.

119 Diamond J. The Island Dilemma: Lessons of Modern Biogeographic Studies for the Design of Natural Reserves . Biol Conserv 7 (1975): 129–146.

120 Diamond J. “Normal” Extinctions of Isolated Populations . In Nitecki M. H. (ed.) Extinctions . Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1984.

121 Laurance S. G. W. et al. Effects of Road Clearings on Movement Patterns of Understory Rainforest Birds in Central Amazonia . Conserv Biol 18 (2004): 1099–1109.

122 Wilson E. O. The Diversity of Life . (1992) Reprint. New York: Norton, 1993.

123 Rettenmeyer C. W. et al. The Largest Animal Association Centered on One Species: The Army Ant Eciton Burchellii and Its More Than 300 Associates. Insect Soc 58 (2011): 281–292.

124 Erwin T. L. Tropical Forests: Their Richness in Coleoptera and Other Arthropod Species . Coleopts Bull 36 (1982): 74–75.

125 Hamilton A. J. et al. Quantifying Uncertainty in Estimation of Tropical Arthropod Species Richness . American Naturalist 176 (2010): 90–95.

126 Wilson E. O. Threats to Biodiversity . Sci Am 261 (1989): 108–116.