Ричард Грант - Английский язык. Теория и практика. Употребление времен

Слова-маркеры в Past Simple: yesterday (вчера), in 2015 (в 2015) , ago (тому назад), when I was younger (когда я был моложе) и другие.

I have ridden a horse! – Я ездил верхом ! (неважно, когда это было)

I rode a horse yesterday morning! – Вчера утром я ездил верхом! (конкретный момент в прошлом)

2. Законченный период времени или текущий.

Если мы говорим о периоде времени, который все еще продолжается, употребляем Present Perfect. Часто на текущий период указывают такие слова-маркеры, как today (сегодня), this week (на этой неделе) , this month (в этом месяце) и this year (в этом году).

Если период закончен, используем Past Simple. На него указывают следующие слова-маркеры: last week (на прошлой неделе), last month (в прошлом месяце), last year (в прошлом году).

I haven’t seen you in the office this week. – Я не видел тебя в офисе на этой неделе. (неделя не закончилась)

I didn’t see Sofie at work last week. – Я не видел Софи на работе на прошлой неделе. (прошлая неделя закончилась)

3. Связь с настоящим и факт из прошлого.

У Present Perfect всегда есть какая-то привязка к настоящему, тогда как при помощи Past Simple можно просто изложить факты о прошлом.

We’re so happy! We have learnt English! – Мы так счастливы ! Мы выучили английский! (мы счастливы сейчас – привязка к настоящему)

Ivan learned English at school. – Иван учил английский в школе . (факт из прошлого)

Упражнение 30

Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в Present Perfect или Past Simple.

1. Helen speaks French so well because she ( to live) in France. 2. Last night I ( to feel) tired and ( to go) to bed very early. 3. I ( not yet to eat) today. 4. She just ( to go) out. 5. It ( to be) very cold yesterday. 6. She ( to live) there last year. 7. Where you ( to spend) your holidays? 8. He ( not to eat) yesterday. 9. She ( to leave) the room a moment ago. 10. When you ( to meet) him? 11. The rain ( to stop) and the sun is shining in the sky again. 12. You ever ( to spend) your holidays in the Crimea? 13. You ( to play) the piano yesterday?

Упражнение 31

Раскройте скобки , употребляя глаголы в Present Perfect или Past Simple.

1. We ( not yet to solve) the problem. 2. I ( not to see) him since 2006. 3. The rain ( to stop) half an hour ago. 4. While travelling in the Crimea, I ( to meet) your friend. 5. You ( to play) the piano today? 6. When it all ( to happen)? 7. How many mushrooms you ( to gather)? 8. Mary ( to buy) a new hat. 9. I never ( to visit) that place. 10. What you ( to prepare) for today? 11. The morning was cold and rainy, but since ten o’clock the weather ( to change) and now the sun is shining brightly. 12. Where you ( to put) the newspaper? I want to read it, but cannot find it anywhere. 13. I ( to buy) a pair of gloves yesterday.

Упражнение 32

Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в Present Perfect или Past Simple.

1. He ( to visit) that place last year. 2. Look at this birdhouse. Mike ( to make) it himself. He ( to make) it last Sunday. 3. Show me the dress which you ( to make). 4. The new school ( to begin) working last year. 5. The wind ( to blow) off the man’s hat, and he cannot catch it. 6. I just ( to get) a letter from Tom. 7. Where you ( to put) my pen? I cannot find it. 8. Oh, how dark it is! A large black cloud ( to cover) the sky. I think it will start raining in a few minutes. 9. At last I ( to do) all my homework: now I will go out. 10. The weather ( to change), and we can go for a walk. 11. You ( to take) any photographs while travelling in the south? 12. You ( to see) Mary today? 13. Oh, close the window! Look, all my papers ( to fall) on the floor because of the wind.

Упражнение 33

Раскройте скобки , употребляя глаголы в Present Perfect или Past Simple.

1. The building of the house ( to begin) early in April. 2. The wind ( to change) in the morning. 3. He ( to be) abroad five years ago. 4. When you ( to see) Mary? – I ( to see) her last week. 5. When you ( to open) the window? – I ( to open) it ten minutes ago. 6. The rain ( to stop) but a cold wind is still blowing. 7. We ( to travel) around Europe last year. 8. You ( to be) in the Caucasus last year? 9. Your mother ( to promise) to take you to the theatre? 10. The sun ( not to rise) yet, but the sky in the east is getting lighter every minute. 11. We already ( to solve) the problem. 12. My father knows so much because he ( to travel) a lot. 13. They ( to leave) England when he ( to be) still a child.

Упражнение 34

Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в Present Perfect или Past Simple.

1. Look at my new dress! I ( to make) it myself. 2. I ( to see) you walking along the street the other day with a heavy bag. 3. He ( to come) a moment ago. 4. I ( to see) Pete today. 5. He ( not yet to come) back. 6. He is not at school today, he ( to fall) ill. – When he ( to fall) ill? – He ( to fall) ill yesterday. 7. I ( not to read) the newspaper today. 8. I never ( to speak) to him. 9. She ( to see) this film last Sunday. 10. He ( to go) already? 11. I already ( to do) my homework. Now I can go for a walk. 12. It is very late, and trams ( to stop) running: we must find a taxi to get home. 13. He just ( to finish) his work.