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Standard Template Library Programmer's Guide

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Standard Template Library Programmer's Guide
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Member	Description
`reference`	A proxy class that acts as a reference to a single bit. It contains an assignment operator, a conversion to bool , an operator~ , and a member function flip . It exists only as a helper class for bitset 's operator[] . That is, it supports the expressions x = b[i] , b[i] = x , b[i] = b[j] , x = ~b[i] , and b[i].flip() . (Where b is a bitset and x is a bool .)
`bitset(unsigned long val)`	Conversion from unsigned long. Constructs a bitset, initializing the first min(N, sizeof(unsigned long) CHAR_BIT)* bits to the corresponding bits in val and all other bits, if any, to zero.
`template explicit bitset(const basic_string& s, size_t pos = 0, size_t n = basic_string::npos)`	Conversion from string. Constructs a bitset, initializing the first M bits to the corresponding characters in s , where M is defined as min(N, min(s.size() – pos, n)) . Note that the highest character position in s , not the lowest, corresponds to the least significant bit. That is, character position pos + M – 1 – i corresponds to bit i . So, for example, bitset(string("1101")) is the same as bitset(13ul) . This function throws out_of_range if pos > s.size() , and invalid_argument if any of the characters used to initialize the bits are anything other than 0 or 1 .
`bitset& operator&=(const bitset&)`	Bitwise and.
`bitset& operator\|=(const bitset&)`	Bitwise inclusive or.
`bitset& operator^=(const bitset&)`	Bitwise exclusive or.
`bitset& operator<<=(size_t n)`	Left shift, where bit 0 is considered the least significant bit. Bit i takes on the previous value of bit i – n , or zero if no such bit exists.
`bitset& operator>>=(size_t n)`	Right shift, where bit 0 is considered the least significant bit. Bit i takes on the previous value of bit i + n , or zero if no such bit exists.
`bitset operator<<(size_t n) const`	Returns a copy of this shifted left by n bits. Note that the expression b << n* is equivalent to constructing a temporary copy of b and then using operator<<= .
`bitset operator>>(size_t n) const`	Returns a copy of this shifted right by n bits. Note that the expression b >> n* is equivalent to constructing a temporary copy of b and then using operator>>= .
`bitset& set()`	Sets every bit.
`bitset& flip()`	Flips the value of every bit.
`bitset operator~() const`	Returns a copy of *this with all of its bits flipped.
`bitset& reset()`	Clears every bit.
`bitset& set(size_t n, int val = 1)`	Sets bit n if val is nonzero, and clears bit n if val is zero. Throws out_of_range if n >= N .
`bitset& reset(size_t n)`	Clears bit n . Throws out_of_range if n >= N .
`bitset flip(size_t n)`	Flips bit n . Throws out_of_range if n >= N .
`size_t size() const`	Returns N .
`size_t count() const`	Returns the number of bits that are set.
`bool any() const`	Returns true if any bits are set.
`bool none() const`	Returns true if no bits are set.
`bool test(size_t n) const`	Returns true if bit n is set. Throws out_of_range if n >= N .
`reference operator[](size_t n)`	Returns a reference to bit n . Note that reference is a proxy class with an assignment operator and a conversion to bool , which allows you to use operator[] for assignment. That is, you can write both x = b[n] and b[n] = x .
`bool operator[](size_t n) const`	Returns true if bit n is set.
`unsigned long to_ulong() const`	Returns an unsigned long corresponding to the bits in this . Throws overflow_error* if it is impossible to represent this as an unsigned long* . (That is, if N is larger than the number of bits in an unsigned long and if any of the high-order bits are set.
`template basic_string to_string() const`	Returns a string representation of this : each character is 1 if the corresponding bit is set, and 0 if it is not. In general, character position i corresponds to bit position N – 1 – i* . Note that this member function relies on two language features, member templates and explicit function template argument specification , that are not yet universally available; this member function is disabled for compilers that do not support those features. Note also that the syntax for calling this member function is somewhat cumbersome. To convert a bitset b to an ordinary string, you must write b.template to_string, allocator >()
`bitset operator&(const bitset&, const bitset&)`	Bitwise and of two bitsets. This is a global function, not a member function. Note that the expression b1 & b2 is equivalent to creating a temporary copy of b1 , using operator&= , and returning the temporary copy.
`bitset operator\|(const bitset&, const bitset&)`	Bitwise or of two bitsets. This is a global function, not a member function. Note that the expression b1 \| b2 is equivalent to creating a temporary copy of b1 , using operator\|= , and returning the temporary copy.
`bitset operator^(const bitset&, const bitset&)`	Bitwise exclusive or of two bitsets. This is a global function, not a member function. Note that the expression b1 ^ b2 is equivalent to creating a temporary copy of b1 , using operator^= , and returning the temporary copy.
`template basic_istream& operator>>(basic_istream& is, bitset& x)`	Extract a bitset from an input stream. This function first skips whitespace, then extracts up to N characters from the input stream. It stops either when it has successfully extracted N character, or when extraction fails, or when it sees a character that is something other than 1 (in which case it does not extract that character). It then assigns a value to the bitset in the same way as if it were initializing the bitset from a string. So, for example, if the input stream contains the characters "1100abc" , it will assign the value 12ul to the bitset , and the next character read from the input stream will be a .
`template basic_ostream& operator>>(basic_ostream& os, const bitset& x)`	Output a bitset to an output stream. This function behaves as if it converts the bitset to a string and then writes that string to the output stream. That is, it is equivalent to os << x.template to_string >()