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Standard Template Library Programmer's Guide

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Standard Template Library Programmer's Guide
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Программирование / Справочники / на английском языке
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This document contains reference on SGI STL implementation

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Example

int main() {

string s(10u, ' '); // Create a string of ten blanks.

const char* A = "this is a test";

s += A;

cout << "s = " << (s + '\n');

cout << "As a null-terminated sequence: " << s.c_str() << endl;

cout << "The sixteenth character is " << s[15] << endl;

reverse(s.begin(), s.end());

s.push_back('\n');

cout << s;

}

Definition

Defined in the standard header string.

Template parameters

Parameter	Description	Default
`charT`	The string's value type: the type of character it contains.
`traits`	The Character Traits type, which encapsulates basic character operations.	`char_traits`
`Alloc`	The string's allocator, used for internal memory management.	`alloc`

Model of

Random Access Container, Sequence.

Type requirements

In addition to the type requirements imposed by Random Access Container and Sequence:

• charT is a POD ("plain ol' data") type.

• traits is a Character Traits type whose value type is charT

Public base classes

None.

Members

Member	Where defined	Description
`value_type`	Container	The type of object, CharT , stored in the string.
`pointer`	Container	Pointer to CharT .
`reference`	Container	Reference to CharT
`const_reference`	Container	Const reference to CharT
`size_type`	Container	An unsigned integral type.
`difference_type`	Container	A signed integral type.
`static const size_type npos`	`basic_string`	The largest possible value of type size_type . That is, size_type(-1) .
`iterator`	Container	Iterator used to iterate through a string. A basic_string supplies Random Access Iterators.
`const_iterator`	Container Const	iterator used to iterate through a string.
`reverse_iterator`	Reversible Container	Iterator used to iterate backwards through a string.
`const_reverse_iterator`	Reversible Container	Const iterator used to iterate backwards through a string.
`iterator begin()`	Container	Returns an iterator pointing to the beginning of the string.
`iterator end()`	Container	Returns an iterator pointing to the end of the string.
`const_iterator begin()`	`const`	Container Returns a const_iterator pointing to the beginning of the string.
`const_iterator end() const`	Container	Returns a const_iterator pointing to the end of the string.
`reverse_iterator rbegin()`	Reversible Container	Returns a reverse_iterator pointing to the beginning of the reversed string.
`reverse_iterator rend()`	Reversible Container	Returns a reverse_iterator pointing to the end of the reversed string.
`const_reverse_iterator rbegin() const`	Reversible Container	Returns a const_reverse_iterator pointing to the beginning of the reversed string.
`const_reverse_iterator rend() const`	Reversible Container	Returns a const_reverse_iterator pointing to the end of the reversed string.
`size_type size() const`	Container	Returns the size of the string.
`size_type length() const`	`basic_string`	Synonym for size() .
`size_type max_size() const`	Container	Returns the largest possible size of the string.
`size_type capacity() const`	`basic_string`	See below.
`bool empty() const`	Container	true if the string's size is 0 .
`reference operator[](size_type n)`	Random Access Container	Returns the n 'th character.
`const_reference operator[](size_type n) const`	Random Access Container	Returns the n 'th character.
`const charT* c_str() const`	`basic_string`	Returns a pointer to a null-terminated array of characters representing the string's contents.
`const charT* data() const`	`basic_string`	Returns a pointer to an array of characters (not necessarily null-terminated) representing the string's contents.
`basic_string()`	Container	Creates an empty string.
`basic_string(const basic_string& s, size_type pos = 0, size_type n = npos)`	Container, basic_string	Generalization of the copy constructor.
`basic_string(const charT*)`	`basic_string`	Construct a string from a null-terminated character array.
`basic_string(const charT* s, size_type n)`	`basic_string`	Construct a string from a character array and a length.
`basic_string(size_type n, charT c)`	Sequence	Create a string with n copies of c .
`template basic_string(InputIterator first, InputIterator last)`	Sequence	Create a string from a range.
`~basic_string()`	Container	The destructor.
`basic_string& operator=(const basic_string&)`	Container	The assignment operator
`basic_string& operator=(const charT* s)`	`basic_string`	Assign a null-terminated character array to a string.
`basic_string& operator=(charT c)`	`basic_string`	Assign a single character to a string.
`void reserve(size_t)`	`basic_string`	See below.
`void swap(basic_string&)`	Container	Swaps the contents of two strings.
`iterator insert(iterator pos, const T& x)`	Sequence	Inserts x before pos .
`template void insert(iterator pos, InputIterator f, InputIterator l)`[1]	Sequence	Inserts the range [first, last) before pos .
`void insert(iterator pos, size_type n, const T& x)`	Sequence	Inserts n copies of x before pos .
`basic_string& insert(size_type pos, const basic_string& s)`	`basic_string`	Inserts s before pos .
`basic_string& insert(size_type pos, const basic_string& s, size_type pos1, size_type n)`	`basic_string`	Inserts a substring of s before pos .
`basic_string& insert(size_type pos, const charT* s)`	`basic_string`	Inserts s before pos .
`basic_string& insert(size_type pos, const charT* s, size_type n)`	`basic_string`	Inserts the first n characters of s before pos .
`basic_string& insert(size_type pos, size_type n, charT c)`	`basic_string`	Inserts n copies of c before pos .
`basic_string& append(const basic_string& s)`	`basic_string`	Append s to *this .
`basic_string& append(const basic_string& s, size_type pos, size_type n)`	`basic_string`	Append a substring of s to *this .
`basic_string& append(const charT* s)`	`basic_string`	Append s to *this .
`basic_string& append(const charT* s, size_type n)`	`basic_string`	Append the first n characters of s to *this .
`basic_string& append(size_type n, charT c)`	`basic_string`	Append n copies of c to *this .
`template basic_string& append(InputIterator first, InputIterator last)`	`basic_string`	Append a range to *this .
`void push_back(charT c)`	`basic_string`	Append a single character to *this .
`basic_string& operator+=(const basic_string& s)`	`basic_string`	Equivalent to append(s) .
`basic_string& operator+=(const charT* s)`	`basic_string`	Equivalent to append(s)
`basic_string& operator+=(charT c)`	`basic_string`	Equivalent to push_back(c)
`iterator erase(iterator p)`	Sequence	Erases the character at position p
`iterator erase(iterator first, iterator last)`	Sequence	Erases the range [first, last)
`basic_string& erase(size_type pos = 0, size_type n = npos)`	`basic_string`	Erases a range.
`void clear()`	Sequence	Erases the entire container.
`void resize(size_type n, charT c = charT())`	Sequence	Appends characters, or erases characters from the end, as necessary to make the string's length exactly n characters.
`basic_string& assign(const basic_string&)`	`basic_string`	Synonym for operator=
`basic_string& assign(const basic_string& s, size_type pos, size_type n)`	`basic_string`	Assigns a substring of s to *this
`basic_string& assign(const charT* s, size_type n)`	`basic_string`	Assigns the first n characters of s to *this .
`basic_string& assign(const charT* s)`	`basic_string`	Assigns a null-terminated array of characters to *this .
`basic_string& assign(size_type n, charT c)`	Sequence	Erases the existing characters and replaces them by n copies of c .
`template basic_string& assign(InputIterator first, InputIterator last)`	Sequence	Erases the existing characters and replaces them by [first, last)
`basic_string& replace(size_type pos, size_type n, const basic_string& s)`	`basic_string`	Replaces a substring of *this with the string s .
`basic_string& replace(size_type pos, size_type n, const basic_string& s, size_type pos1, size_type n1)`	`basic_string`	Replaces a substring of *this with a substring of s .
`basic_string& replace(size_type pos, size_type n, const charT* s, size_type n1)`	`basic_string`	Replaces a substring of *this with the first n1 characters of s .
`basic_string& replace(size_type pos, size_type n, const charT* s)`	`basic_string`	Replaces a substring of *this with a null-terminated character array.
`basic_string& replace(size_type pos, size_type n, size_type n1, charT c)`	`basic_string`	Replaces a substring of *this with n1 copies of c .
`basic_string& replace(iterator first, iterator last, const basic_string& s)`	`basic_string`	Replaces a substring of *this with the string s .
`basic_string& replace(iterator first, iterator last, const charT* s, size_type n)`	`basic_string`	Replaces a substring of *this with the first n characters of s .
`basic_string& replace(iterator first, iterator last, const charT* s)`	`basic_string`	Replaces a substring of *this with a null-terminated character array.
`basic_string& replace(iterator first, iterator last, size_type n, charT c)`	`basic_string`	Replaces a substring of *this with n copies of c .
`template basic_string& replace(iterator first, iterator last, InputIterator f, InputIterator l)`	`basic_string`	Replaces a substring of this with the range [f, l)*
`size_type copy(charT* buf, size_type n, size_type pos = 0) const`	`basic_string`	Copies a substring of *this to a buffer.
`size_type find(const basic_string& s, size_type pos = 0) const`	`basic_string`	Searches for s as a substring of this , beginning at character pos* of *this .
`size_type find(const charT* s, size_type pos, size_type n) const`	`basic_string`	Searches for the first n characters of s as a substring of this , beginning at character pos* of *this .
`size_type find(const charT* s, size_type pos = 0) const`	`basic_string`	Searches for a null-terminated character array as a substring of this , beginning at character pos* of *this .
`size_type find(charT c, size_type pos = 0) const`	`basic_string`	Searches for the character c , beginning at character position pos .
`size_type rfind(const basic_string& s, size_type pos = npos) const`	`basic_string`	Searches backward for s as a substring of this , beginning at character position min(pos, size())*
`size_type rfind(const charT* s, size_type pos, size_type n) const`	`basic_string`	Searches backward for the first n characters of s as a substring of this , beginning at character position min(pos, size())*
`size_type rfind(const charT* s, size_type pos = npos) const`	`basic_string`	Searches backward for a null-terminated character array as a substring of this , beginning at character min(pos, size())*
`size_type rfind(charT c, size_type pos = npos) const`	`basic_string`	Searches backward for the character c , beginning at character position min(pos, size() .
`size_type find_first_of(const basic_string& s, size_type pos = 0) const`	`basic_string`	Searches within this , beginning at pos* , for the first character that is equal to any character within s .
`size_type find_first_of(const charT* s, size_type pos, size_type n) const`	`basic_string`	Searches within this , beginning at pos* , for the first character that is equal to any character within the first n characters of s .
`size_type find_first_of(const charT* s, size_type pos = 0) const`	`basic_string`	Searches within this , beginning at pos* , for the first character that is equal to any character within s .
`size_type find_first_of(charT c, size_type pos = 0) const`	`basic_string`	Searches within this , beginning at pos* , for the first character that is equal to c .
`size_type find_first_not_of(const basic_string& s, size_type pos = 0) const`	`basic_string`	Searches within this , beginning at pos* , for the first character that is not equal to any character within s .
`size_type find_first_not_of(const charT* s, size_type pos, size_type n) const`	`basic_string`	Searches within this , beginning at pos* , for the first character that is not equal to any character within the first n characters of s .
`size_type find_first_not_of(const charT* s, size_type pos = 0) const`	`basic_string`	Searches within this , beginning at pos* , for the first character that is not equal to any character within s .
`size_type find_first_not_of(charT c, size_type pos = 0) const`	`basic_string`	Searches within this , beginning at pos* , for the first character that is not equal to c .
`size_type find_last_of(const basic_string& s, size_type pos = npos) const`	`basic_string`	Searches backward within this , beginning at min(pos, size())* , for the first character that is equal to any character within s .
`size_type find_last_of(const charT* s, size_type pos, size_type n) const`	`basic_string`	Searches backward within this , beginning at min(pos, size())* , for the first character that is equal to any character within the first n characters of s .
`size_type find_last_of(const charT* s, size_type pos = npos) const`	`basic_string`	Searches backward this , beginning at min(pos, size())* , for the first character that is equal to any character within s .
`size_type find_last_of(charT c, size_type pos = npos) const`	`basic_string`	Searches backward this , beginning at min(pos, size())* , for the first character that is equal to c .
`size_type find_last_not_of(const basic_string& s, size_type pos = npos) const`	`basic_string`	Searches backward within this , beginning at min(pos, size())* , for the first character that is not equal to any character within s .
`size_type find_last_not_of(const charT* s, size_type pos, size_type n) const`	`basic_string`	Searches backward within this , beginning at min(pos, size())* , for the first character that is not equal to any character within the first n characters of s .
`size_type find_last_not_of(const charT* s, size_type pos = npos) const`	`basic_string`	Searches backward this , beginning at min(pos, size())* , for the first character that is not equal to any character within s .
`size_type find_last_not_of(charT c, size_type pos = npos) const`	`basic_string`	Searches backward this , beginning at min(pos, size())* , for the first character that is not equal to c .
`basic_string substr(size_type pos = 0, size_type n = npos) const`	`basic_string`	Returns a substring of *this .
`int compare(const basic_string& s) const`	`basic_string`	Three-way lexicographical comparison of s and *this .
`int compare(size_type pos, size_type n, const basic_string& s) const`	`basic_string`	Three-way lexicographical comparison of s and a substring of *this .
`int compare(size_type pos, size_type n, const basic_string& s, size_type pos1, size_type n1) const`	`basic_string`	Three-way lexicographical comparison of a substring of s and a substring of *this
`int compare(const charT* s) const`	`basic_string`	Three-way lexicographical comparison of s and *this .
`int compare(size_type pos, size_type n, const charT* s, size_type len = npos) const`	`basic_string`	Three-way lexicographical comparison of the first min(len, traits::length(s)) characters of s and a substring of *this .
`template basic_string operator+(const basic_string& s1, const basic_string& s2)`	`basic_string`	String concatenation. A global function, not a member function.
`template basic_string operator+(const charT* s1, const basic_string& s2)`	`basic_string`	String concatenation. A global function, not a member function.
`template basic_string operator+(const basic_string& s1, const charT* s2)`	`basic_string`	String concatenation. A global function, not a member function.
`template basic_string operator+(charT c, const basic_string& s2)`	`basic_string`	String concatenation. A global function, not a member function.
`template basic_string operator+(const basic_string& s1, charT c)`	`basic_string`	String concatenation. A global function, not a member function.
`template bool operator==(const basic_string& s1, const basic_string& s2)`	Container	String equality. A global function, not a member function.
`template bool operator==(const charT* s1, const basic_string& s2)`	`basic_string`	String equality. A global function, not a member function.
`template bool operator==(const basic_string& s1, const charT* s2)`	`basic_string`	String equality. A global function, not a member function.
`template bool operator!=(const basic_string& s1, const basic_string& s2)`	Container	String inequality. A global function, not a member function.
`template bool operator!=(const charT* s1, const basic_string& s2)`	`basic_string`	String inequality. A global function, not a member function.
`template bool operator!=(const basic_string& s1, const charT* s2)`	`basic_string`	String inequality. A global function, not a member function.
`template bool operator<(const basic_string& s1, const basic_string& s2)`	Container	String comparison. A global function, not a member function.
`template bool operator<(const charT* s1, const basic_string& s2)`	`basic_string`	String comparison. A global function, not a member function.
`template bool operator<(const basic_string& s1, const charT* s2)`	`basic_string`	String comparison. A global function, not a member function.
`template void swap(basic_string& s1, basic_string& s2)`	Container	Swaps the contents of two strings.
`template basic_istream& operator>>(basic_istream& is, basic_string& s)`	`basic_string`	Reads s from the input stream is
`template basic_ostream& operator<<(basic_istream& os, const basic_string& s)`	`basic_string`	Writes s to the output stream os
`template basic_istream& getline(basic_istream& is, basic_string& s, charT delim)`	`basic_string`	Reads a string from the input stream is , stopping when it reaches delim
`template basic_istream& getline(basic_istream& is, basic_string& s)`	`basic_string`	Reads a single line from the input stream is