Zbigniew Brzezinski - The Grand Chessboard

Customs Union, 144

Czech Republic, 81, 104

Demangeon, Paul, 39

Demirel, Suleyman, 148

Deng Xiaoping, 165, 170

Denman, Roy, 42

Dutch East Indies, 37

Economic and Monetary Union, 43, 76

Energy, U.S. Department of, 125

Ethiopia, 19

Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU), 219

Eurasianism, 106, 109–13

European Bank for Reconstruction and Development (EBRD), 66 n

European Commission, 42, 75

European Community (EC), 43, 51, 60, 66

European Free Trade Area, 119

European Parliament, 75

European Union (EU), 44, 61, 74–77, 85, 106, 142, 153; application and accession process, 83; and dissolution of Warsaw Pact, 92, 100; eastern limits of, 50; expansion of, 52, 68–71, 78–80, 82, 84, 118, 121, 200; Germany in, 42, 66 n , 73, 112; institutional machinery of, 60; Russia and, 120; Turkey and, 204

Finland, 77, 84

France, 72, 77–79, 85, 117, 195, 199; Balkans and, 135; geostrategy of, 39, 41–44; Germany and, 42, 50, 63–70, 79, 176, 191; global ambitions of, 61–71; Napoleonic, 19; political elite of, 60; unemployment in, 196

Genghis Khan, 16, 17, 88, 110

Geography of Ethnos in Historical Time, The (Gumilev), 111

George III, King of England, 14

Georgia, 9, 122, 125, 140, 143, 144; and Commonwealth of Independent States, 114, 129; Russian military facilities in, 142; Turkey and, 93, 150; Urkainian military agreement with, 147

Germany, 8, 71–75, 77–80, 101, 112, 117, 170, 175–76, 195, 199; and American global system, 25; Balkans and, 135; British Empire and, 21; during Cold War, 172; France and, 42, 50, 63–70, 79, 176, 191; geostrategy of, 41, 43, 44; national redemption of, 61; Nazi, 5, 37, 39; political elite of, 60; reunification of, 65–66, 68; Russia and, 105; Ukraine and, 85, 113; unemployment in, 196

Great Wall, construction of, 12

Greece, 82

Group of Seven (G–7), 186, 201, 206

Gulags, 89, 90

Gulf War, 27, 65

Gumilev, Lev, 110–11

Han Empire, 12–13

Hashimoto, Ryutaro, 26

Haushofer, Karl, 39

Havel, Václav, 80–81

Higuchi Commission, 178 n

Hitler, Adolf, xiv, 39, 104

Holy Roman Empire, 15

Hong Kong, 159, 164, 167, 168 n , 171, 188, 189, 205, 207

Hungary, 15, 81, 84

Huntington, Samuel P., 30–31

Ikenberry, G. John, 29

India, 41, 52–53, 197, 209; China and, 151, 155, 187 n ; democracy in, 213; and Eurasian Balkans, 136, 139; geostrategy of, 46; Russia and, 187

Indochina, 13

Indonesia, 41, 45–46, 154, 157, 168 n , 169, 176, 183

International Institute of Strategic Studies, 154

International Monetary Fund (IMF), 27, 28

Internet, 25

Iran, 41, 52–53, 115, 197, 204, 206; and American interests in Persian Gulf, 47; China and, 186; and Eurasian Balkans, 95, 124, 125, 129, 132–35, 137, 139, 144, 145, 147–50; Russia and, 116, 118

Iraq, 27, 137

Islam, see Muslims

Israel, 53, 137

Ito, Masayoshi, 178

Ivan the Terrible, Tsar of Russia, 88

Izvestiia , 107

Japan, 5, 8, 23–24, 38, 39, 59, 101, 151–55, 157, 185–88, 193, 209, 210; and American global system, 25–27; China and, 15, 49, 54, 55, 158–60, 164, 166, 169, 170, 172–85, 205, 207, 208; democracy in, 213; geostrategy of, 45, 47–48; imperial, 37; Korea and, 190–92; post-World War II, 23, 25; Russia and, 4, 90, 154; Security Treaty with U.S., 171, 175, 177; in World War II, 25

Japan Association of Corporate Executives, 179 n

Japan Forum on International Affairs, 179 n

Jiang Zemin, 166

Juppé, Alain, 62

Kasenov, Umirserik, 145

Kazakstan, 48, 93, 95, 125, 130–32, 138, 140–41, 149, 197; China and, 13, 164, 166, 168; and Commonwealth of Independent States, 106, 114, 143; in Community of Sovereign Republics, 109; energy resources of, 145; Eurasianism policy of, 111; famine in, 91; Turkey and, 146–48

Kennedy, John F., 26, 49

Kohl, Helmut, 74

Kohn, Hans, 212

Korea, 154, 157, 182; China and, 13, 166, 169, 183, 187 n ; Japan and, 154, 190–92; reunification of, 54, 165, 176, 190, 207; see also North Korea; South Korea

Korean War, 6, 25

Kozyrev, Andrei, 98, 107, 115

Kull, Steven, 211 n

Kuomintang, 158

Kurds, 134–35

Kuril Islands, 107, 154, 176

Kuwait, 125

Kyrgyzstan, 125, 131, 143; China and, 166; and Commonwealth of Independent States, 106; in Community of Sovereign Republics, 109

Laos, 13

Lebanon, 137

Lebed, Gen. Aleksandr, 120 n

Lenin, V. I., 104

Li Peng, 116

Lukin, Vladimir, 95–96

Macao, 159

Mackinder, Harold, 38

Madrid Declaration, 74

Mahathir, Datuk, 171

Malaysia, 157, 158 n , 171, 176

Manchuria, 37

Manchus, 13

Mandela, Nelson, 21

Mao Zedong, 88

Medieval Russia and the Great Steppe (Gumilev), 111

Middle East, 220

Ministry of International Trade and Industry (MITI), Japanese, 180

Miyazawa, Kiichi, 180

Mongolia, 164, 166

Moldova, 107, 114

Mongol Empire, 6, 15–17, 19, 21

Monroe Doctrine, 3

Morita, Akio, 182

Morocco, 78

Muslims, 17, 89; in Eurasian Balkans, 128, 133, 134, 137, 144; in France, 78; fundamentalist, 47, 53, 134; Russian, 133; in Turkey, 204

Nagorno-Karabakh, 128–29

Nakasone, Yasuhiro, 181

Napoleon, Emperor of France, 19, 37

Nazarbayev, Nursultan, 111, 145, 147

Nazis, 5, 37, 39, 104

Nepal, 13, 164

North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA), 28

North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO), 44, 61, 66, 73, 76, 86, 117, 153; and American global system, 26–28; during Cold War, 172; and dissolution of Warsaw Pact, 92, 100; expansion of, 52, 67–71, 78–82, 84, 101–3, 118, 121, 199–201, 204, 208, 211 n ; in joint maneuvers with Ukraine, 93; Franco-German-Polish collaboration in, 85; German military integration into, 175; Russia and, 120; Turkey and, 57; Western European Union and, 50, 77

North Korea, 154, 162, 165, 190

One Belt, One Road, 219–220

Opium War, 15, 158

Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE), 120, 201, 209

Organization of Economic Cooperation, 147

Osetians, 129

Ottoman Empire, 19, 135, 136, 140

Ozawa Committee, 178 n , 181

Pakistan, 48, 95; China and, 165, 169, 186, 187, 205; and Eurasian Balkans, 136, 139, 145, 147, 149; India and, 46, 53

Panama Canal, 4

Paracel Islands, 154

Parthian Empire, 12

Partnership for Peace, 27, 77

Pearl Harbor, Japanese attack on, 25

Persia, 17, 137, 140

Persian Gulf, U.S. presence in, 7, 23, 27, 47, 53–54; see also Gulf War

Petrine Europe, 57, 81

Philippines, 157, 168, 176, 183

Poland, 46, 81; democratic leaders in, 104; in European Union, 44, 68, 70, 92; Germany and, 69–70, 78, 176, 191; Mongol defeat of, 15; in NATO, 68, 70, 92; Ukraine and, 85; war with Russia, 90

Portugal, 19

Primakov, Evgenniy, 115

Punic Wars, 12

Rhythms of Eurasia, The (Gumilev), 111

Roman Empire, 10–13, 15, 16, 21

Romania, 82, 84

Rome intergovernmental conference on political union, 65–66

Russia, 41, 48, 59, 72, 85–122, 199–203, 205–9, 214, 218–221; and American global system, 25; British Empire and, 21; Chechnya and, 37, 89, 91, 95, 97, 99, 114, 133, 140, 141; China and, 23, 95, 115–19, 151, 155, 158, 159, 164, 166–68, 170, 187 n , 218–221; in Commonwealth of Independent States, 88, 92–93, 100, 105–9, 111, 113; counteralliance options of, 55, 99, 115–18; and Eurasian Balkans, 124, 128–33, 135–50, 195; France and, 42, 50, 67, 73; geostrategy of, 44–47; Germany and, 66, 68, 70, 73; in Group of Seven, 186; imperial, 19, 88, 89, 95, 135, 140; India and, 187; Japan and, 4, 90, 154, 176, 183; NATO and, 51–52, 79–80, 100–103, 120, 121; near abroad policy of, 98–99, 105–15; strategic partnership with United States sought by, 98–105; zone of insecurity between Europe and, 81; see also Soviet Union