Jennifer Toth - The Mole People

Manchild in the Promised Land (Brown), 201, 202

Martin, Marsha, 39

Marx, Karl, 173–74

Mary, 89

Meitus, Robert, 2

Melvin, 252, 253

Mental Hygiene Law, 154

Metropolitan Transit Authority. See New York City Transit Authority

Metropolitan Transit Police, 12, 43, 61

Michelle, 219–20

Middle Ages, 171, 175

Les Miserables (Hugo), 172

“Modern Troglodytes” (Garner), 36

Moe, 184, 185

Monica, 138–39, 145, 148

Mono, 129, 130, 131, 133

Morningside Park, 2

Moscow, 38

Mosley, Walter, 183

Murphy, Ken, 68

Museum of Modern Art, 125

National Association of Social Workers, 69

Need of Roots, The (Weil), 87

Nell, 81

Neolithic period, 36

Nether World, The (Gissing), 173

New Alliance Party, 183–84

New York City, 2, 6, 73

underground population in, 38–42

underground spaces in, 43–48

New York City Human Resources Administration, 26, 52, 68

New York City Transit Authority, 46, 48, 51, 67, 129

outreach programs sponsored by, 151–53, 156

New York Daily News, The , 99

New Yorker, The , 134

New York Health and Human Services Department, 39, 81

New York Mental Health Association, 40

New York Times, The , 26, 68, 108, 115, 132, 249

No Exit (Sartre), 171

Notes from Underground (Dostoyevsky), 176, 177

Notes on the Underground (Williams), 170–71, 172–73

On Being Homeless: Historical Perspectives (Beard), 50

On Walden Pond (Thoreau), 31

outreach programs. See tunnel outreach

Papa, 221

Pape, Chris (“Freedom”), 100–101, 119, 122, 244, 249–50

and Bernard, 111, 124–25

and Bob, 106

collaboration with Smith, 126–27

on David, 137

on graffiti writing, 132

self-portrait, 120, 123

Paris, 37–38

Paul, 83

Pennick, Nigel, 35, 36, 37

Penn Station, 13, 20, 47, 55, 135, 136, 144, 151, 192, 203, 210

estimate of underground population, 39

Peppin, 63–64

Picasso, Pablo, 126

Plato, 97

Polhemus, Guy, 107

Port Authority Station, 13, 47, 55, 57

Quinones, Jorge Lee. See Lee

Rambo, 204

Razor, 78

Reese, 51

Reliquary, The , 36

Renaissance, 171, 172

Republic, The (Plato), 97

Rex, 206, 209–10, 211

Rico, 167, 168

“Riker’s Island,” 47

Riley, Sergeant Steve, 49

Riverside Park, 107, 135, 181, 215, 224, 226

Bernard’s tunnel community under, 88, 101, 103, 116

Pape’s graffiti writing under, 124, 125

Road Warrior , 34

Rodney, 68–69

Rome, 38, 131

Romero, Lieutenant John, 51–53, 54

Ronda, 79, 80

Roosevelt, President Franklin D., 45

Rotunda community, 92–94, 221, 222

runaways underground, 135–49

Carlos, 140–41, 146

Dolly, 145–46

Frank, 141–42, 143, 146, 148

Frederick, 135–39

Jimmy, 144–45, 146, 147

Monica and Felicia, 139–40

Teddy, 142–44, 147, 148, 149

St. Agnes’ Soup Kitchen, 3, 240, 241

Sally, 79

Sam (All Saints’ Soup Kitchen customer), 94–95

Sam (“city of friends” mayor), 206, 209, 210

on “human morality,” 208–9

on Jamall, 231

on listening, 211

management style, 207–8

“Sane.” See Smith, David (“Sane”)

Saroyan, William, 237

Sartre, Jean-Paul, 171

Scientific American , 45

Scott, Gwendolyn (Gwen), 221–23

Second Avenue Station, 47

Secret City of Ivan the Terrible, Moscow, 38

Seville. See Williams, Seville

Serrano, Yolanda, 70–71, 153

79th Street, 103, 221

Sheila, 100, 101, 223, 226–27, 249

Shorty (Fran’s boyfriend), 225

Shorty (Seville’s friend), 11, 23

Shorty (tunnel birth observer), 78, 79, 80

Silwa, Curtis, 239n.

Slam, 182

Slave, 129, 130, 133

Slim (”city of friends” resident), 206

Slim (Harlem gang member), 188, 189

Small Talk, 187, 188, 189

Smidge, 33, 34

”Smith.” See Smith, Roger (”Smith”)

Smith, David (”Sane”), 119, 125, 249

death of, 120–21, 250

lawsuit against, 121–22

Smith, Roger (”Smith”), 4, 51, 73–74, 119, 122, 125, 250

collaboration with Pape, 126–27

lawsuit against, 121–22

Sneakers, 243

social workers, 67–69

Sonya, 68–69

Squeeze, 39

Stash, 101

”Stealth,” 181–82

”STIPSO” statute, 154

Stokes, Suellen L., 40

Stone, 221

Subterranean Kingdom: A Survey of Man-Made Structures Beneath the Earth, The (Pennick), 35–36, 37

Subway Lives (Dwyer), 44

Sullivan, Robert E., Jr., 43, 44, 46

”Taki 183.” See Demetrius (”Taki 183”)

Teather, 11

Teddy, 142–44, 147, 148, 149

Teresa, 84–86

Thackeray, William, 173

Third of May (Goya), 126

Thoreau, Henry David, 31

Tierney, John, 115, 249

Tim (member of Bernard’s community), 110–11

Tim (Sally’s boyfriend), 79, 80

Time Machine (Wells), 174–75, 176

Time of Your Life, The (Saroyan), 237

Tina, 252, 253

Tom (Butch and Brenda’s friend), 116–17

Tom (Denise’s friend), 57

Tony, 111–13, 249

on tunnel art, 128

Tracy, 134, 168

Transit Workers and Mechanics Union, 161

Trey, 69–70

Tripper, 95, 96

Tsemberis, Dr. Sam, 153–54, 155, 159–60, 163

Tumulty, Karen, 4

tunnel art and artists, 119–28

Bernard’s involvement with, 119–20, 124–25, 126, 127

May Third mural, 126–28

Pape’s work, 122–26

Tony on, 128. See also graffiti writings and writers

tunnel outreach, 151–63

ADAPT’s efforts, 151, 152, 153, 155–63

Project HELP, 151–55. See also Coalition for the Homeless; homeless advocates

Tweed, Mayor Boss, 45

Tyrone, 244, 245

underground communities, 87–96

Bernard’s tunnel, 75, 97–118

Buckley on, 91, 94

communication network in, 89–90

“families” in, 87

J.C.’s, 191–202

Rotunda, 92–94, 221, 222

underground in history, literature, and culture, 169–79

and the Agharthi legend, 170

in Ellison’s Invisible Man , 177–79

in Hugo’s Les Miserables , 172, 173

in the nineteenth century, 175–76

and the underground man concept, 176–79

in Wells’ Time Machine , 174–75, 176

Underground Man (Abood), 176

underground population, 35–42

Cimmerians, 35–36

in England, 36–37

estimates of, 39

life expectancy of, 41

in New York City, 38–42

in Paris, 37–38

underground spaces, 43–48

Underneath New York (Granick), 43, 46

van Hollar, Roderick (Rick), 221, 222

Vathek (Beckford), 171

Verne, Jules, 174

Vicky, 96

Virginia, 95–96

Volunteer Services for the Grand Central Partnership Social Services Corporation, 90

Volunteers of the Bathroom, 13–14

wanderers, 181–82

Washington Post, The , 40

”We Can,” 107

Weil, Simone, 87

White, Patrick, 32

Whitman, Walt, 211

Williams, Robin, 215, 216

Williams, Rosalind, 170–71, 172–73, 174

Williams, Seville, 11–27, 73, 249

childhood, 15–16

children, 17–18

on dealing drugs, 25–26

and humor, 12–13

and Iris, 16–18

medical treatment, 25

on Peppin, 63–64