Douglas Hofstadter - I Am a Strange Loop

Sander, Emmanuel. L’analogie, du Naïf au Créatif: Analogie et Catégorisation. Paris: Éditions L’Harmattan, 2000.

Schank, Roger C. Dynamic Memory. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1982.

Schweitzer, Albert. Aus Meiner Kindheit und Jugendzeit. Munich: C. H. Beck, 1924.

Searle, John. “The Myth of the Computer” (review of The Mind’s I ). The New York Review of Books, April 29, 1982, pp. 3–6.

Shanker, S. G. (ed.). Gödel’s Theorem in Focus. New York: Routledge, 1988.

Simon, Herbert A. The Sciences of the Artificial. Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press, 1969.

Singer, Peter and Jim Mason. The Way We Eat: Why Our Food Choices Matter. Emmaus, Pennsylvania: Rodale Press, 2006.

Skinner, B. F. About Behaviorism. New York: Random House, 1974.

Smullyan, Raymond M. Theory of Formal Systems. Princeton: Princeton Univ. Press, 1961.

— — — . The Tao Is Silent. New York: Harper & Row, 1977.

— — — . What Is the Name of This Book? Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey: Prentice-Hall, 1978.

— — — . This Book Needs No Title. Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey: Prentice-Hall, 1980.

— — — . 5000 B.C. and Other Philosophical Fantasies. New York: St. Martin’s Press, 1983.

— — — . Gödel’s Incompleteness Theorems. New York: Oxford University Press, 1992.

Sperry, Roger. “Mind, Brain, and Humanist Values”, in John R. Platt (ed.), New Views on the Nature of Man. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1965.

Steiner, George. After Babel. New York: Oxford University Press, 1975.

Stewart, Ian. Galois Theory (second edition). New York: Chapman and Hall, 1989.

Suppes, Patrick C. Introduction to Logic. New York: Van Nostrand, 1957.

Thigpen, Corbett H. and Hervey M. Cleckley. The Three Faces of Eve. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1957.

Treisman, Anne. “Features and Objects: The Fourteenth Bartlett Memorial Lecture”. Cognitive Psychology 12, no. 12 (1980), pp. 97–136.

Ulam, Stanislaw. Adventures of a Mathematician. New York: Scribner’s, 1976.

Unger, Peter. “Why There Are No People”. Midwest Studies in Philosophy, 4(1979).

— — — . “I Do Not Exist”. In G. F. MacDonald (ed.), Perception and Identity. Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1979.

Wadhead, Rosalyn. The Posh Shop Picketeers. Tananarive: Wowser & Genius, 1931.

Webb, Judson. Mechanism, Mentalism, and Metamathematics. Boston: D. Reidel, 1980.

Weinberg, Steven. Dreams of a Final Theory. New York: Pantheon, 1992.

— — — . Facing Up. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 2001.

Wells, David G. The Penguin Dictionary of Curious and Interesting Numbers. New York: Viking Penguin, 1986.

— — — . Prime Numbers. New York: John Wiley & Sons, 2005.

Wheelis, Allen. The Quest for Identity. New York: W. W. Norton, 1958.

Whitehead, Alfred North and Bertrand Russell. Principia Mathematica, Volumes I–III. London: Cambridge University Press, 1910–1913.

Wilder, Raymond L. Introduction to the Foundations of Mathematics. New York: John Wiley & Sons, 1952.

Wolf, Robert S. A Tour through Mathematical Logic. Washington, D.C.: The Mathematical Association of America, 2005.

Wooldridge, Dean. Mechanical Man: The Physical Basis of Intelligent Life. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1968.

Wynne, Clive D. L. Do Animals Think? Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2004.

Yourgrau, Palle. A World Without Time: The Forgotten Legacy of Gödel and Einstein. New York: Basic Books, 2005.

PERMISSIONS AND ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

GRATEFUL acknowledgement is hereby made to the following individuals, publishers, and companies for permission to use material that they have provided or to quote from sources for which they hold the rights. Every effort has been made to locate the copyright owners of material reproduced in this book. Omissions that are brought to our attention will be corrected in subsequent editions.

Thanks to William Frucht for the cover photograph of video feedback and for all the photographs in the color insert in Chapter 4.

Thanks to Daniel Hofstadter and Monica Hofstadter for photographs of various loopy structures, used as interludes between chapters.

Thanks to Kellie and Richard Gutman for two photographs in Chapter 4.

Thanks to Jeannel King for her poem “Ode to a Box of Envelopes” in Chapter 7.

Thanks to Silvia Sabatini for the photograph of the lap loop in Anterselva di Mezzo, facing Chapter 8.

Thanks to Peter Rimbey for the photograph of Carol and Douglas Hofstadter facing Chapter 16.

Thanks to David Oleson for his parquet deformation “I at the Center” in Chapter 17.

“Three Kangaroos” logo, designed by David Lance Goines © Ravenswood Winery. Reprinted with permission by Joel Peterson, Ravenswood Winery.

“Three Ravens” logo, designed by David Lance Goines © Ravenswood Winery. Reprinted with permission by Joel Peterson, Ravenswood Winery.

“Peanuts” cartoon, dated 08/14/1960: © United Feature Syndicate, Inc. Reprinted with permission by United Media.

M. C. Escher, Drawing Hands © 2006 M. C. Escher Company, Holland. All rights reserved. www.mcescher.com. Reprinted with permission.

Whitehead, Alfred North and Bertrand Russell, Principia Mathematica (second edition), Volume I (1927), page 629, reprinted in 1973 © Cambridge University Press.

“Nancy” cartoon: “Sluggo dreaming”: © United Feature Syndicate, Inc. Reprinted with permission by United Media.

Morton Salt “Umbrella Girl” © Morton International, Inc. Reprinted with permission of Morton International, Inc.

Excerpt from Karen Horney, Our Inner Conflicts, © 1945 by W. W. Norton & Co., Inc. Reprinted with permission by W. W. Norton & Company.

Excerpts from Daniel Dennett, Consciousness Explained © 1991 by Daniel C. Dennett. Reprinted with permission by Hachette Book Group USA.

Excerpt from Carson McCullers, The Heart Is a Lonely Hunter. Copyright © 1940, renewed 1967, by Carson McCullers. Reprinted by permission of Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.

Excerpts from Derek Parfit, Reasons and Persons © 1984 Oxford University Press. Reprinted with permission of Oxford University Press.

Excerpts from Albert Schweitzer, Aus meiner Kindheit und Jugendzeit. © C. H. Beck, Munich, 1924. Personal translation for use in this book only, by Douglas Hofstadter. Reprinted with permission.

INDEX

A

abbreviations piled on abbreviations

aboutness, double, of Gödel’s formula

absorbing someone else’s essence

“abstraction ceiling” in author’s mind

abstractions: as causes; centrality of: formidable tower of, in human minds

abstractly swirling patterns

accidents in mathematics: absence of; possibility of

accretion: of self-model; of soul

Ackermann’s function

active symbols, see symbols

affinity of souls, see chemistry (interpersonal)

afterglow of a soul