Will Laidlaw: Apache over Libya

SA-24. A very sophisticated Russian-made MANPAD. This heat-seeker will try to ignore the flares and will self-destruct as a last resort.

SAMbush. An ambush of surface-to-air missile systems.

Shooter. In an Apache patrol the ‘shooter’ engages a target while the ‘looker’ observes the area around the target. See also ‘looker.’

SITREP(Situation Report). A brief summary of what has happened. On the way back to HMS Ocean a SITREP was always given to the AWACS. This information was immediately relayed to the CAOC and to HMS Ocean via JCHAT.

SKASaC. Sea King Airborne Surveillance and Control helicopter.

Stand Easy. Morning coffee break at sea.

Starburst. An illumination round fired from a ship’s 4.5in gun. It hangs in the air under a parachute to illuminate targets for the ship to engage. This was required by Royal Navy ships when engaging targets in Libya.

Symbology. The Apache displays information on the MPDs and HMD via a system of icons known as symbology. Apache aircrew learn this system from their first day in training.

Technicals. Standard commercial pickup trucks with heavy weapons systems mounted on the rear. The weapons were never smaller than high calibre machine guns, but were often anti-aircraft artillery pieces or surface-to-air missiles. Both sides had thousands of technicals.

Triple-A. See AAA.

T-72. A Russian-made Main Battle Tank.

VCP. Vehicle Checkpoint.

VHR(Very High Readiness). In Afghanistan two Apaches were dedicated to VHR 24 hours a day. Their crews resided in a tent close to the Fight Line ready for immediate notice missions. Their task was simple – react to anything we tell you to do, be it an escort of the Chinook Immediate Response Team or direct support to troops on the ground. When required, a ‘shout’ comes in by telephone and the crews rush to launch. There are stipulated timings within which the aircraft must be airborne. These are never breached as the aircraft are always off chocks and taxiing within just a few minutes of the ‘shout’ coming in. Sprinting to the aircraft on receipt of a ‘shout’ is a feeling that all Herrick Apache crews will remember forever.

WAFU. Naval slang for Weapon and Fuel User. The more commonly used amplification however is Wet and F*****g Useless. The term WAFU is only applied to aircrew at sea.

Wings(Commander Air or Lieutenant Colonel Air). The colloquial name for the senior officer responsible for all flying activity onboard. He was our go-to man when we needed things fixed, changed, smoothed, thrown over the side or generally made better.

XO. Executive Officer. On a ship the XO is the Captain’s right-hand man. He is also the discipline officer.

ZSU 23-4. Also known as ‘Shilka’, the ZSU 23-4 is a potent anti-aircraft platform. The ‘23’ stands for its 23mm calibre rounds. The ‘4’ describes the number of gun barrels which fire at 1,000 rounds per minute. The ZSU 23-4 has a radar that finds and tracks its target as well as aiming the gun barrels. All this is mounted on a 20-tonne tracked vehicle for mobility.

There are seventeen principal characters in this story, and almost all are referred to by pseudonym, as is the author himself. Throughout our research and writing we have sought perspective and context from within the 656 Squadron team and the wider Defence community associated with our work over Libya. We are grateful for their contributions, patient editing and support. In particular, we wish to thank Derek Blois for the hours of graphic design on the maps and for allowing us to publish a reproduction of the painting ‘Raid on Brega’.

Many of the images herein are Crown Copyright and have been acknowledged as such. The rest were taken by those on board HMS Ocean . We thank them for their images. Particular thanks to Neil Atterbury of Four Elements photography for his outstanding work and permission to use his image as part of the jacket design. Special thanks to Simon Mair for reading, re-reading and editing throughout, and to all the team at Pen & Sword, especially Henry Wilson, Matt Jones, Lori Jones, George Chamier and Katie Eaton, who have been so supportive in realizing our ambition to have this book published.

Throughout the summer and autumn of 2011 our families and close friends at home followed our progress through intermittent phone calls and media stories. Waking up on Saturday, 4 June 2011 to Facebook and text messages instructing ‘turn on the TV, they’re on the news’ was the start of a very long worry for them. Their support at the time inspired us, their continued forbearance amazes us.

We also extend our appreciation to the Boeing Company and Augusta Westland for designing and manufacturing the best attack helicopter in the world, Lockheed Martin for the tweaks, weapons and radar, Rolls Royce and Turbomeca for the engines and Selex ES for the defensive aids suite. These groups, and the scientists and engineers who tuned the whole machine, gave us a gunship that took us into harm’s way, looked after us while we were there and brought us safely home again. We would not have made it through without such dedicated expertise behind us.

Our greatest debt of gratitude is to the men and women of 656 Squadron and all those who served on board HMS Ocean during the summer and autumn of 2011 while we flew missions on Operation Ellamy. Stoic, proud and utterly professional, they kept us going in a very dangerous place.

This is the story of a perilous combat experience in the face of deeply unattractive survival odds over Libya in the summer of 2011. Flying ultra low-level over the sea at night into hostile territory became normal life for the Apache crews of 656 Squadron, Army Air Corps. Often engaged by Gaddafi’s forces as soon as they were in sight of the coast, they had to fight their way into Libya, complete their mission while evading lethal fire from the ground and then fight their way out again, before searching for a ship in the dark many miles out to sea. Flying well within the reach of Gaddafi’s prolific ground-to-air weapons, these men made nightly raids behind enemy lines and got away with their lives. This is the story of eight Army and two Royal Navy pilots who flew against the most potent enemy British aircrew have faced in generations. They defied the odds and survived, playing a fundamental part in the NATO-led campaign. This is the truth about the Apache at sea and in combat over Libya.

This book contains the combined recollection of the men and women who operated the Apache attack helicopter over Libya during the summer of 2011. It is their truth as noted in their own diaries at the time, now collated as the historical record of a six-week training exercise that unexpectedly became a four-month high-intensity combat operation. Spending 155 days at sea, with 130 days on station poised off the coast of Libya, they flew 48 combat sorties firing 99 Hellfire missiles and 4,800 rounds of 30mm cannon, striking 116 targets. Every mission was flown from and to HMS Ocean , using procedures they themselves designed for the first Apache maritime operation anywhere in the world. The words herein are theirs, none are embellished or dramatized, nor have they been ghost-written. The story is told by the squadron commander, Will Laidlaw, and has been checked against the remembered experiences of those involved. To ensure the fullest telling of the story, it includes the words of several other squadron members. Every effort has been made to ensure the accuracy of this narrative; it is our truth as we noted at the time and now recall. Any inaccuracy is unintended and we will be happy to correct it in later editions. Some of the protagonists continue to serve in Her Majesty’s Armed Forces, while others have since left. In respecting their wishes for anonymity, some pseudonyms have been used.