Steve Coll - The Bin Ladens

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The rise and rise of the Bin Laden family is one of the great stories of the twentieth century; its repercussions have already deeply marked the twenty-first. Until now, however, it is a story that has never been fully told, as the Bin Ladens have successfully fended off attempts to understand the family circles from which Osama sprang. In this the family has been abetted by the kingdom it calls home, Saudi Arabia, one of the most closed societies on earth.
Steve Coll’s
is the groundbreaking history of a family and its fortune. It chronicles a young illiterate Yemeni bricklayer, Mohamed Bin Laden, who went to the new, oil-rich country of Saudi Arabia and quickly became a vital figure in its development, building great mosques and highways and making himself and many of his children millionaires. It is also a story of the Saudi royal family, whom the Bin Ladens served loyally and without whose capricious favor they would have been nothing. And it is a story of tensions and contradictions in a country founded on extreme religious purity, which then became awash in oil money and dazzled by the temptations of the West. In only two generations the Bin Ladens moved from a famine- stricken desert canyon to luxury jets, yachts, and private compounds around the world, even going into business with Hollywood celebrities. These religious and cultural gyrations resulted in everything from enthusiasm for America—exemplified by Osama’s free-living pilot brother Salem—to an overwhelming determination to destroy it.
The Bin Ladens

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4. Interviews with General Fathy Fathalla and Manfred Baier, Cairo Airport Company, November 21, 2005 (RS).

5. “My father…camel again”: Interview with Bengt Johansson, October 3, 2006.

6. Interview with an individual who discussed the issues with Yahya and who asked to not be identified.

7. House of Saud, coproduced by Martin Smith and Chris Durrance for Frontline, 2005.

8. “The B.A.E. files,” by David Leigh and Rob Evans, Guardian (London), June 7, 2007.

9. “under…to Al Qaeda”: from “First Amended Complaint” (the insurers’ complaint), In Re Terrorist Attacks on September 11, 2001 , United States District Court, Southern District of New York, 03 MDL 1570. Legal bills exceeded $10 million: Interview with a Saudi official who asked to not be identified.

10. Interviews with three people in the Orlando area who made inquiries about the property.

11. Abdulaziz Bin Bakr: Gulf News , November 18, 2006.

12. Interview with Anwar Hassan, October 13, 2005, and written materials provided by Hassan.

13. “were furious…themselves”: Ibid.

14. Worldwide Projects, Inc., July 1, 2003.

15. Economic City plans: Al-Bawaba (Saudi Arabia), December 21, 2005. “could either make…huge in scope”: Interview with a Bin Laden executive who asked to not be identified.

16. Washington Post, October 14, 2005.

17. Worldwide Projects, Inc., April 1, 2006.

40. IN EXILE

1. Author’s visit, December 2005.

2. Brochure quotations from Fame materials obtained by the author. Abdullah’s business and lifestyle: Interviews with four colleagues and acquaintances in Jeddah, who asked to not be identified. See also “Bin Laden’s Eldest Son Speaks…” Al-Sharq Al-Awsat , October 21, 2001.

3. At least twenty-three children: Associated Press, November 4, 2002. Arranged for at least one wife’s departure: “Bin Laden’s Wife Interviewed…” Al-Majallah , March 10, 2002. Yemeni wife home by December: Al-Quds Al-Arabi, December 29, 2001. Her return was confirmed by several Yemeni journalists during the author’s visit to the country in March 2007.

4. “Saudi Interior Minister on Bin Laden’s Sons…” Al-Sharq Al-Awsat , July 3, 2004.

5. “Osama did…the family”: Quoted in Bergen, The Osama Bin Laden I Know , p. 384.

6. “Omar is wary…misses his father”: Times (London), July 11, 2007. “Polygamy…she was forty”: Express (London), July 16, 2007. Sun (London), September 20, 2007.

7. All quotations from “ Al-Majallah Obtains Bin Laden’s Will…” Al-Majallah , October 27, 2002, FBIS translation.

8. All quotations, ibid.

9. All quotations from Bergen, op. cit., p. 371.

10. “I am…whole world”: Lawrence (ed.), Messages to the World , p. 208.

11. “a rare…world infidelity”: “FBIS Report in Arabic,” May 6, 2004.

12. Reward scheme: Ibid. “It is true…foreign one”: Messages to the World , op. cit., p. 255.

13. “shows that…Islamic world”: “FBIS Report,” op. cit.

14. “The Americans…intellects”: Messages to the World , op. cit., pp. 126–27.

15. “Some American…from you?’: Ibid., pp. 161–62.

16. All quotations, Ibid., pp. 162–68.

17. “The swimmer…rain”: BBC Monitoring, January 19, 2006.

18. “The freedom…America”: Messages to the World , op. cit., p. 169.

19. “America…Zionist lobby”: Ibid., p. 110. “the idiots…from a lion”: “Bin Laden Calls Saudi Initiative ‘High Treason’…” Al-Quds Al-Arabi , March 28, 2002.

20. “I miss…wolves”: Messages to the World , op. cit., p. 248.

21. “that when…evil”: Ibid., pp. 254–55.

22. “demonstrate…ugliness”: Ibid., p. 194.

23. “underline…God Almighty”: Ibid., p. 183. “war winners”: Scheuer (as “Anonymous”), Through Our Enemies’ Eyes , p. 66.

24. All quotations, BBC Monitoring, op. cit.

25. All quotations, ABC News transcript, abcnews.go.com/images/Politics/transcript2.pdf.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

BOOKS

ABBAS, HAMAD. Story of the Great Expansion. Jeddah: Saudi Bin Ladin Group, 1996.

ALFADL, SALEH S., ed. The National Industries Directory. Jeddah: Jeddah Chamber of Commerce and Industry, 1988.

ALGOSAIBI, GHAZI A. Arabian Essays. London: Kegan Paul, 1982.

ALIREZA, MARIANNE. At the Drop of a Veil: The True Story of an American Woman’s Years in a Saudi Harem. Costa Mesa: Blind Owl Press, 2002.

AMIRAHMADI, HOOSHANG, AND NADER ENTESSAR, eds. Reconstruction and Regional Diplomacy in the Persian Gulf. London: Routledge, 1992.

ASAD, MUHAMMAD. The Message of the Quran (six volumes). Bristol: The Book Foundation, 2003.

ASLAN, REZA. No God but God: The Origins, Evolution and Future of Islam. New York: Random House, 2005.

BADEEB, SAEED M. The Saudi-Egyptian Conflict over North Yemen, 1962–1970. Boulder, CO: Westview Press, 1986.

BAER, ROBERT. Sleeping with the Devil: How Washington Sold Our Soul for Saudi Crude. New York: Crown Publishers, 2003.

AL-BARRAK, HOMOUD A., ed. Commercial and Industrial Directory for the States of the Gulf Cooperation Council. Riyadh: Dar Al-Mathhar for Publishing and Advertising, 1988.

BEATY, JONATHAN, AND S. C. GWYNE. The Outlaw Bank: A Wild Ride into the Secret Heart of BCCI. New York: Random House, 1993.

BELING, WILLARD A., ed. King Faisal and the Modernisation of Saudi Arabia. Boulder, CO: Westview Press, 1980.

BENJAMIN, DANIEL, AND STEVEN SIMON. The Age of Sacred Terror. New York: Random House, 2002.

BENT, THEODORE, AND MRS. THEODORE BENT. Southern Arabia. London: Smith, Elder & Co., 1900.

BERGEN, PETER L. The Osama Bin Laden I Know: An Oral History of Al Qaeda’s Leader. New York: The Free Press, 2006.

———. Holy War, Inc.: Inside the Secret World of Osama bin Laden. New York: The Free Press, 2001.

BIDWELL, R. L., AND G. R. SMITH, eds. Arabian and Isalimic Studies. London: Longman Group Limited, 1983.

BIN LADIN, CARMEN. Inside the Kingdom: My Life in Saudi Arabia. New York: Warner Books, 2004.

BLANDFORD, LINDA. Super-Wealth: The Secret Lives of the Oil Sheikhs. New York: William Morrow, 1977.

BRADLEY, JOHN R. Saudi Arabia Exposed. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2005.

BRINKLEY, JOEL, AND STEPHEN ENGELBERG, eds. Report of the Congressional Committees Investigating the Iran-Contra Affair, with the Minority View. New York: Times Books, 1988.

BRIODY, DAN. The Iron Triangle. New York: John Wiley & Sons, 2003.

BRONSON, RACHEL. Thicker Than Oil: America’s Uneasy Partnership with Saudi Arabia. New York: Oxford University Press, 2006.

BURCKHARDT, J. L. Travels in Arabia. London: Henry Colburn, 1829. Reprinted by Frank Cass and Co. Ltd., 1968.

BURTON, SIR RICHARD F. Personal Narrative of a Pilgrimage to Al-Madinah and Meccah. Toronto: Dover, 1893, 1964.

CARTER, J. R. L. Merchant Families of Saudi Arabia. London: Scorpion Publications, 1984.

CAUDILL, MARK R. Twilight in the Kingdom. Westport, CT: Praeger Security International, 2006.

CLARKE, RICHARD A. Against All Enemies. New York: The Free Press, 2004.

COLL, STEVE. Ghost Wars: The Secret History of the CIA, Afghanistan, and Bin Laden, from the Soviet Invasion to September 10, 2001. New York: Penguin Press, 2004.

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