Алан Бринкли - Джон Фицджеральд Кеннеди

Harris Wofford to Kenneth O’Donnell, October 4, October 9, 1961, JFKL; Robert A. Wallace to Harris Wofford, November 22, 1961, JFKL.

315

Executive Order 10590, January 19, 1955, 20 Federal Record, 409; Executive Order 10925, March 6, 1961, 26 Federal Record 1977.

316

John L. Moore to Heads of Federal Agencies, «Nondiscrimination in Employment,» March 29, 1961, JFKL; JFK to A. Philip Randolph, February 17, 1961, JFKL; Carlisle P. Runge, Assistant Secretary of Defense, to Frederick G. Dutton, April 10, 1961, JFKL; Robert A. Wallace, Assistant Secretary to the Secretary of the Treasury, to Fred Dutton, April 7, 1961, JFKL; L. D. Battle to Frederick G. Dutton, April 11, 1961, JFKL.

317

Helen Fuller, Year of Trial: Kennedy’s Crucial Decisions (New York: Harcourt, Brace, 1962), p. 29.

318

«Report of the Attorney General to the President on the Department of Justice’s Activities in the Field of Civil Rights,» December 29, 1961, JFKL. See also Franklin D. Reeves to Clarence T. R. Nelson, March 20, 1961, JFKL; «Summary Memorandum of Executive Action on Civil Rights,» n. d., 1961, JFKL; U. S. Commission on Civil Rights press release, September 9, 1961, JFKL.

319

«Summary Memorandum of Executive Action on Civil Rights,» n. d., 1962; «Executive Order: Equal Opportunity in Housing,» November 20, 1962, 27 Federal Record, 11527; JFK to Roy Wilkins, November 27, 1962, JFKL; JFK to Robert Weaver, November 27, 1962, JFKL; JFK to Whitney Young, November 27, 1962, JFKL; Jack Conway, «Draft Reply to Correspondence from Mayor C. Ben Holleman, West Palm Beach, Florida,» JFKL; Brauer, John F. Kennedy and the Second Reconstruction, pp. 131–35.

320

Progressive, vol. 2, no. 49, p. 16.

321

«Summary of Civil Rights Progress, January 20 through October 1961,» n. d., 1961, JFKL; Lee C. White, «Civil Rights Achievements Since January 1962,» December 13, 1962, JFKL; Brauer, John F. Kennedy and the Second Reconstruction, pp. 63, 127.

322

Taylor Branch, Parting the Waters: America in the King Years, 1954–1963 (New York: Simon and Schuster, 1988), pp. 143–205, 271–73; William Chafe, Civilities and Civil Rights: Greensboro, North Carolina, and the Black Struggle for Freedom (New York: Oxford University Press, 1981), pp. 111–18.

323

Time, June 2, 1961; Raymond Arsenault, Freedom Rides 1961 and the Struggle for Racial Justice (New York: Oxford University Press, 2006), pp. 11–54, 90–182.

324

New York Times, May 15, 1961; Time, May 26, 1961.

325

Schlesinger, Robert Kennedy and His Times, p. 288.

326

New York Times, May 24, 30, 1961; Time, June 2, 1961; Arsenault, Freedom Rides 1961, pp. 140–85.

327

Thomas, Robert Kennedy, p. 129.

328

Arsenault, Freedom Rides 1961, p. 194. См. также Bryant, The Bystander, p. 278.

329

«Statement by the President Concerning Interference with the ’Freedom Riders’ in Alabama,» May 20, 1961, PPP — JFK, 1961, p. 391.

330

Bryant, The Bystander, pp. 270, 275.

331

«Special Message to the Congress on Urgent National Needs,» May 25, 1961, PPP — JFK, 1961, pp. 396–406.

332

«Statement by the President Upon Signing the Plans for Progress,» Washington, D.C., July 12, 1961, JFKL.

333

«Improvement in Non-White Industrial Emplo-yment — During ’Plans for Progress’ Program, May 15, 1961–December 15, 1961, December 15, 1961–June 15, 1962,» JFKL.

334

«Results of ’Plans for Progress’ Program — (A) One Year Results and (B) Six Months Results,» JFKL.

335

«Remarks of the President Before Participants in Signing of Plans for Progress in the East Room,» June 22, 1962, JFKL.

336

Robert Troutman Jr. to JFK, June 30, 1962, JFKL; JFK to Robert Troutman Jr., August 22, 1962, JFKL.

337

Brauer, John F. Kennedy and the Second Recon-struction, pp. 147–51, 214–16.

338

Martin Luther King Jr., «Letter from a Birmingham Jail,» in Why We Can’t Wait (New York: Signet, 1964), pp. 64–84.

339

«Radio and Television Report to the Nation on the Situation at the University of Mississippi,» September 30, 1962, PPP — JFK, 1962, pp. 726–27.

340

Aaron Henry to JFK, n. d., 1962, JFKL; «Executive Order 11053: Providing Assistance for the Removal of Obstructions of Justice in the State of Mississippi,» September 30, 1962, JFKL; Jack Rosenthal, «Some Possible Ideas for the President’s Remarks to the United States Attorneys,» October 9, 1962, JFKL; JFK to C. B. Powell, October 11, 1962, JFKL; Amsterdam News, October 6, 1962; Brauer, John F. Kennedy and the Second Reconstruction, pp. 180–203.

341

Branch, Parting the Waters, pp. 782–85. См. также Dallek, An Unfinished Life, p. 595.

342

King, «Letter from a Birmingham Jail,» pp. 64–84.

343

Bryant, The Bystander, p. 381.

344

Ibid., p. 4. See also Thomas, Robert Kennedy, p. 243.

345

Diane McWhorter, Carry Me Home: Birmingham, Alabama — The Climactic Battle of the Civil Rights Revolution (New York: Simon and Schuster, 2001), p. 463.

346

Bryant, The Bystander, p. 394.

347

McWhorter, Carry Me Home, pp. 463–64; Bryant, The Bystander, p. 394.

348

Washington Post, February 13, 1963; Reeves, President Kennedy, pp. 464–65.

349

Schlesinger, A Thousand Days, p. 959.

350

Ibid., pp. 959–66; Brauer, John F. Kennedy and the Second Reconstruction, p. 240.

351

«Radio and Television Report to the American People on Civil Rights,» June 11, 1963, PPP — JFK, 1963, pp. 468–71.

352

Brauer, John F. Kennedy and the Second Reconstruc-tion, p. 264.

353

Reeves, President Kennedy, p. 520.

354

Schlesinger, Robert Kennedy and His Times, pp. 346–49. См. также Brauer, John F. Kennedy and the Second Reconstruction, p. 247.

355

«Civil Rights — Public Accommodations, Hearings of the Committee on Commerce,» U. S. Senate, S 1732 (July 1, 1963), p. 25.

356

Washington Post, August 29, 30, 1963.

357

New York Times, August 29, 1963; Time, August 30, 1963.

358

William F. Theford to JFK, September 18, 1963, JFKL.

359

Harold Chase and Allen H. Lerman, eds., Kennedy and the Press: The News Conferences (New York: Crowell, 1965), p. 518; Lee C. White to Burke Marshall, September 18, 1963, JFKL; Lee C. White to Charles C. Diggs Jr., September 24, 1963, JFKL; Brauer, John F. Kennedy and the Second Reconstrution, p. 310.

360

John Richard Snyder, John F. Kennedy: Personality, Policy, Presidency (New York: SR Books, 1988), p. 62. См. также Brauer, John F. Kennedy and the Second Reconstruction, p. 310. Похожая аргументация появилась в 2006 у британского журналиста Ника Брайанта (Nick Bryant), автора книги The Bystander, p. 11. Брайант, как и Дирксен, резко критиковал Кеннеди за то, что тот не спешил вмешиваться и тем самым упустил лучшую возможность. «Кеннеди частично виновен в кризисе в межрасовых отношениях», — писал он. — «Имея в начале 1960-х историческую возможность определять путь развития страны, который бы приблизил миллионы чернокожих американцев к свободе, Кеннеди предпочел политику бездействия»

361

Schlesinger, Robert Kennedy and His Times, p. 649. См. также Gus Russo and Stephen Molton, Brothers in Arms: The Kennedys, the Castros, and the Politics of Murder (New York: Bloomsbury, 2008), pp. 157–58, 168–71.