3 . Hayward, p. 42, quoting Elton, G. R., Tudor Constitution (1960), p. 15.
4 . Hayward, p. 43, quoting Hale, J., The Civilization of Europe in the Renaissance (1993), p. 465.
5 . De Republica Anglorum , quoted in Wood (2002), pp. 29–30.
6 . Wood, A., The 1549 Rebellions and the Making of Early Modern England (2007), p. 14.
7 . For an interesting discussion of the virtues and limitations of Marx’s analysis, see Wood (2007), pp. 14–16.
8 . Whittle, J., The Development of Agrarian Capitalism: Land and Labour in Norfolk, 1440–1580 (2000), pp. 97–8.
9 . Wood (2007), p. 181.
10 . Fletcher, A. and MacCulloch, D., Tudor Rebellions (2004), pp. 22–4.
11 . Ibid., chapter 4 and Wood (2002), pp. 49–54.
12 . See particularly Shagan, E., Popular Politics and the English Reformation (2003).
The Rule of Protector Somerset: Inflation and War, Religious and Social Reform
1 . There is an interesting discussion of the circumstances of Somerset’s rise to power in Skidmore, C., Edward VI: The Last King of England (2007), chapters 1–3.
2 . Jordan, W. K., Edward VI: The Young King (1968) expresses the first view; Bush, M. L., The Government Policy of Protector Somerset (1975) the second.
3 . See e.g. Jordan, p. 39, Skidmore, pp. 239-40.
4 . Merriman, M., The Rough Wooings: Mary Queen of Scots 1542–1551 (2000), pp. 218–19.
The Great Inflation
1 . Chalis, C., The Tudor Coinage (1978), pp. 68–95.
2 . Wood (2007), p. 30.
3 . Youings, J., Sixteenth-Century England (1984), p. 135.
4 . See discussion in Bush, pp. 41–2.
The Scottish War
1 . This account is based on Merriman, chapter 10.
2 . Ibid., p. 342.
3 . Hodgkins, A., ‘Reconstructing Rebellion: Digital Terrain Analysis of the Battle of Dussindale (1549)’, Internet Archaeology 38 (2015), p. 20.
4 . Phillips, G., ‘To Cry “Home! Home!”: Neutrality, Morale and Indiscipline in Tudor Armies’, Journal of Military History 65 (April 2001), p. 320.
5 . Fletcher and MacCulloch, chapter 13.
Religious Change
1 . Jordan, chapters 4–5.
2 . Fletcher and MacCulloch, p. 240, fn. 9.
3 . Jordan, pp. 125–6.
The Commonwealth Men
1 . Jones, W. R. D., The Tudor Commonwealth (1970), chapter 1.
2 . Woodcock, M., ‘Thomas Churchyard and the Medieval Complaint Tradition’, in King, A. and Woodcock, M. (eds), Medieval Into Renaissance: Essays for Helen Cooper (2016), pp. 123–41.
3 . Jones, p. 214.
4 . Quoted in Elton, G. R., ‘Reform and the “Commonwealth-men” of Edward VI’s Reign’, in Clark, P., Smith, A. G. R. and Tyacke, N. (eds), The English Commonwealth 1547–1640 (1979), p. 27.
5 . Bush, chapter 3.
6 . Jones, p. 214.
7 . Ibid., pp. 43, 50.
8 . Fletcher and MacCulloch, pp. 12–14.
The Enclosure Commissions
1 . Discussion of the 1548 enclosure commission and the sheep tax follows Jordan, pp. 427–36.
2 . The discussion of the 1548 Northaw rising is based on Jones, A., ‘Commotion Time’ : The English Risings of 1549 , University of Warwick PhD (2003), chapter 2.
3 . For the issue of enclosure, see Cornwall, J., Revolt of the Peasantry (1977), chapter 1; Hammond, R. J., The Social and Economic Circumstances of Kett’s Rebellion (1934), chapter 1; Kerridge, E., Agrarian Problems in the Sixteenth Century and After (1969); and a particularly good summary in Youings, J., Sixteenth-Century England (1984).
Was Enclosure a Major Problem?
1 . Youings, p. 171.
2 . Kerridge, chapter 4.
3 . Fletcher and MacCulloch, p. 83.
4 . Hammond, p. 64.
5 . Ibid., p. 75.
1549: A Perfect Storm
1 . Jordan, chapter XIII.
2 . Jones, p. 253.
3 . Bush, p. 59.
The May ‘Stirs’
1 . Heinze, R. W., The Proclamations of the Tudor Kings (1976), p. 217.
2 . Ravensdale, J. R., ‘Landbeach in 1549: Kett’s Rebellion in Miniature’, in Mundy, L. M. (ed.), East Anglian Studies (1968).
3 . MacCulloch, Thomas Cranmer: A Life (1996), p. 429.
4 . Heinze, p. 217.
The Western Rebellion
1 . Youings, J., ‘The South-Western Rebellion of 1549’, Southern History (1979), pp. 100–22.
2 . Jones, pp. 89–90.
3 . Greenwood, A., A Study of the Rebel Petitions of 1549 , University of Manchester PhD (1990), Part 1.
4 . MacCulloch, Thomas Cranmer , pp. 430–1.
The Rebellions of Commonwealth
1 . Jones, Map 1.2.
2 . Ibid., pp. 69 and 183–238.
3 . Ibid., pp. 194–222 for discussion of the Buckinghamshire and Oxfordshire rebellions.
4 . MacCulloch, D., ‘Kett’s Rebellion in Context’, Past & Present 84 (1979).
5 . See for example Cornwall, op. cit.
6 . Jones, p. 5.
Rebel Coordination
1 . Heinze, p. 218.
2 . Somerset to Hoby, 24.8.1549. Quoted in Bush, M. L., ‘Protector Somerset and the 1549 Rebellions: A Post-Revision Questioned’, English Historical Review (February 2000).
3 . MacCulloch, ‘Kett’s Rebellion in Context’, p. 47.
4 . Jones, pp. 115–20.
5 . Alsop, J. D., ‘Latimer, The “Commonwealth of Kent” and the 1549 Rebellions’, Historical Journal 28.2 (1985), pp. 379–83.
6 . Cooper, C. H., Annals of Cambridge 2, p. 43, quoted in Jones, p. 146.
7 . MacCulloch, ‘Kett’s Rebellion in Context’, p. 43.
8 . Fletcher and MacCulloch, p. 77.
9 . Sotherton, N., The Commoysion in Norfolk (1549), reproduced by Beer, B., in Journal of Medieval and Renaissance Studies 6 (1976), p. 1.
10 . For discussion of the Canterbury rebels, see Jones, pp. 169–74.
East Anglia: Background to Revolt
1 . Fletcher and MacCulloch, p. 23.
2 . Wood (2007), pp. 58–9.
3 . MacCulloch, ‘Kett’s Rebellion in Context’, pp. 53–5.
4 . MacCulloch, D., ‘A Reformation in the Balance: Power Struggles in the Diocese of Norwich, 1533–1553’, in Counties and Communities , pp. 97–114.
5 . Information on Norwich is taken from Pound, J. F., Tudor and Stuart Norwich (1988).
6 . Wood, A., ‘Kett’s Rebellion’, in Rawcliffe, C. and Wilson, R. (eds), Medieval Norwich (2004), p. 294.
7 . Wood (2007), p. 59.
Wymondham
1 . Neville, A., Norfolk Furies (1575), translated from the Latin by Richard Woods, 1615. Pagination follows that of the edition held in the Norfolk and Norwich Millennium Library, Norwich.
2 . MacCulloch, ‘Kett’s Rebellion in Context’, p. 43.
3 . Hoare, A., An Unlikely Rebel: Robert Kett and the Norfolk Rising, 1549 (1999), p. 22.
4 . MacCulloch, ‘Kett’s Rebellion in Context’, pp. 41–4.
5 . Land, S. K., Kett’s Rebellion: The Norfolk Rising of 1549 (1977), p. 144.
6 . Hoare (1999), pp. 16–23, on Flowerdew.
7 . Land, p. 144.
8 . Hoare (1999), pp. 20–22.
9 . Communication from Adrian Hoare, 2017.
10 . Sotherton, p. 80.
11 . Neville, p. 9.
Norwich to Mousehold
1 . Neville, p. 13.
2 . Sotherton, p. 81.
3 . MacCulloch, ‘Kett’s Rebellion in Context’, p. 61.
Who Were the Rebels?
1 . Neville, p. 105.
2 . Ashwin, T. and Davison, A. (eds), An Historical Atlas of Norfolk (2005), p. 100.
3 . Coleman, D. C., The Economy of England 1450–1750 (1977), p. 12.
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