Brian Kilmeade - George Washington's Secret Six

Britain, British:

American independence granted by, 197

attacks on women by, 48–49

Brooklyn captured by, 10–11

counterfeiting scheme by, xv, 103–6, 142

expelled from Boston, 3, 5, 13

France’s rivalry with, 120

in French and Indian War, 15–16

Hudson River patrols of, 151–52

intelligence system of, 185–86

Long Island occupied by, 1, 3, 27, 31, 49, 56, 59, 73, 75–76, 110, 135, 136, 142, 187

naval codebook of, xv, 189–90

New York occupied by, xvi, 3, 13–14, 15, 19–20, 28, 34, 43–44, 49, 73–75, 93, 110, 113, 126, 127, 132, 134, 139, 145–46, 157, 177, 180, 185, 187, 191–93, 194–99

Philadelphia abandoned by, 34, 130, 132

prison ships of, 38

spies of, 125

Tallmadge’s camp raided by, 89–90

Washington trapped in Brooklyn Heights by, 11

British army, 26, 27, 102

Brookhaven, 35, 204, 212

Brooklyn, 7, 10, 26, 73

port of, 122

strategic importance of, 81–82

Brooklyn, Battle of, 15, 37, 43, 74

Brooklyn ferry, 46, 188

Brooklyn Heights, 10–12

Brown, John, 129

Buchanan, Thomas, 74

Buchanan family, 71, 74, 77

Bunker Hill, Battle of, 36–37, 60

Canada, 192, 197

Caribbean Sea, 16, 128, 188

Carleton, Sir Guy, 191–92, 195–96, 200

Central Intelligence Agency, 215

Champe, John, 180–81, 185, 219

Charleston, S.C., 117, 191, 195–96

Chesapeake Bay, 152, 185

Chester, John, 37

Clinton, Henry, 7, 85, 91, 117, 119, 123–25, 127, 141, 147, 154, 177, 181, 185, 189–92

André’s capture and, 170–73

Arnold and, 134, 136–37, 139, 143, 145, 170

Concord, Mass., 36

Connecticut, 4, 12, 37, 42, 45, 49, 51, 65, 93, 110, 112, 123, 129, 138, 145, 147, 166, 176, 183, 211, 214

militia of, 21, 129

Tallmadge in, 53, 56, 57, 64, 82

Connecticut’s Continental Line, 37

Continental Army, 4, 8, 11, 18–20, 22, 27, 33, 35, 64, 77, 130, 132, 135, 143, 167, 170–71, 182, 192, 197

impact of British counterfeiting on, 103–4

Townsend and, 73–74

Continental Congress, 5, 37, 176, 197

Arnold charged reparations by, 136–37

First, 18, 131

mint of, 104

Second, 7, 18, 131

Cornwallis, Charles, 189, 190

counterfeiting, xv, 103–6, 142

Coventry, Conn., 20

Cow Boys, 156–57

Cresswell, Nicholas, 43

Croton River, 157

Culper, Samuel, Junior, see Townsend, Robert

Culper, Samuel, Senior, see Woodhull, Abraham

Culper Ring, xv–xviii, 58, 82, 87, 102, 138, 141, 186–88, 194, 197–98, 222–23

Arnold and, 142–43, 161, 164, 173, 175–81

code used by, 90–92, 94, 107

compared with Arnold and André, 134–35

invisible ink used by, 62–67, 90, 96–97, 99, 114, 134, 148

letters of, 222

postwar lives of, 209–14

relative obscurity of, 213–14

return of, 122–24, 126

revocation of, 122, 127

taught in CIA training, 215–16

timeliness of reports of, 109–12, 116, 119

Townsend’s resignation and, 115

Washington’s postwar visits with, 205–7

Currency Act, 17

Custis, George Washington Parke, 202, 210

Danbury, Conn., 60

Deausenberry, John, 113–14

Deausenberry family, 112–14

Declaration of Independence, 7, 43, 73, 107, 131, 211

DeLancey, Oliver, 185–86, 188

Delaware, 130

Devil’s Belt, 93

Diehel, Daniel, 115–16

Dobbs Ferry, N.Y., 151, 159

Duchess of Gordon, 106

East Hampton, 61

East River, 42, 100

England, 62, 86, 105, 106, 172, 185, 193, 210

Enlightenment, Age of, 36

Entick’s Spelling Dictionary, 91

Erskine, General, 61

espionage, eighteenth-century perceptions of, 69

Estaing, Jean-Baptiste-Charles-Henri-Hector d’, 121

Europe, 214

trading with, 71

Expédition Particulière (Special Expedition), 121

Fairfield, Conn., 182, 209

farmers:

British occupation and, 47

gentleman, 59

in Hudson Valley, 45

merchants and, 44–45

smuggling by, 45–46

fishermen, smuggling by, 45–46

Florida, 16

Floyd, Mary, 211

Floyd, William, 211

Floyd family, 85

Flushing, 61

Fly Market, 74, 203

Fort Knyphausen, 81

Fort St. George, 182, 185

Fort Ticonderoga, 129

France, 77

as American ally, 221

Britain as rival of, 120

cryptography in, 91

Franklin in, 34, 120

in French and Indian War, 15–16

troops sent by, xv, 117, 119–22, 124–26, 141–42, 147–48

Franklin, Benjamin, 34, 77, 120, 195

Franks, Major, 166

Fraunces Tavern, 203

French and Indian War, 15–16, 17, 29, 34, 70, 128

George III, king of England, 4, 7, 11, 17, 19, 25, 42, 43, 49, 62, 84, 120, 131, 133, 145, 193, 196

Georgia, 8, 18, 191

Germans, see Hessians

Germantown, Pa., 39

Grasse, François-Joseph-Paul de, 124, 188, 190

Graves, Admiral, 124

Great Depression, 214

Greene, Nathanael, 170

Hackensack, N.J., 28

Hale, Nathan, 20–25, 31, 34, 36, 213, 215

execution of, 1, 3, 26–27, 30, 33, 38, 58, 172, 193, 219

Halifax, Nova Scotia, 6, 83, 195

Hamilton, Alexander, 26, 124, 148, 153, 165–68

Hancock, John, 38

Hard Winter, 11

Harlem, 81

Harlem River, 81

Hartford, Conn., 165

Haverstraw Bay, 157

Hawkins, Jonas, 60, 90, 92, 100

Henry, Patrick, xvi, 18

Hessians, 10–11, 27, 29–30

Higday, George, 89–90

Honeyman, John, 29–31, 126

Hooper, William, 107–8

Horn’s Hook, 81

House of Representatives, U.S., 211

Howard, William, Jr., 9–10

Howard, William, Sr., 9–10

Howe, Robert, 143–44, 156

Howe, William, 28, 86, 107

New York as goal of, 5–6, 8, 10, 12

Hudson River, 6, 109, 112, 142, 146, 151, 157, 167

Hudson Valley, 4, 45, 62, 136, 191

Huntingdon, Francis Hastings, tenth Earl of, 48

Huntington, N.Y., 65

Huntington, Samuel, 176

Intolerable Acts, 18, 131, 180

invisible ink, 62–67, 90, 96–97, 99, 114, 134, 148, 221

Iredell, James, 107

Jamaica, 61

Jamaica Pass, 9, 12, 37, 74

Jameson, John, 160–61, 163–64, 167, 170

Jay, James, 62, 63, 221

Jay, John, 62, 195

Jefferson, Thomas, 18

Jersey, HMS, 178, 213

Jewish settlers, earliest, 185

King’s Bridge, 187

King’s College (Columbia University), 62

Knowlton, Thomas, 20–23

Lafayette, Marquis de, 121, 142

Langley, Va., 215

Laurens, Henry, 195

Lee, Henry, 18, 180–81

Lexington, Mass., 36

Lexington and Concord, fighting at, 18, 36, 73

Litchfield, Conn., 211

Lloyd’s Neck, 122

London, 17, 86, 190–91, 202

Long Island, xv, xvi, 9, 34, 35, 41, 48, 50, 66, 69, 78, 81, 82, 85, 93, 96, 100, 102, 122, 148, 176, 178, 186, 188, 198, 214

British occupation of, 1, 3, 27, 31, 49, 56, 59, 73, 75–76, 110, 135, 136, 142, 187

deteriorating state of affairs on, 60

fighting on, 74

Hale on, 1, 20, 21, 23–26, 38

impact of Revolution on, 47–49

Loyalists on, 21, 25–26, 56, 75, 103, 182, 205

luxury goods and, 45–46

Patriots on, 52

Scott’s missions to, 58

ships and shipbuilding on, 60–61, 189

smuggling on, 45

troop movements on, 142, 147–48

Washington’s tour of, 205–6

Woodhull’s reports on, 59

Long Island militia, 37

Long Island Sound, 42, 46, 47, 57, 62, 82, 93, 112, 123, 147, 177, 182–83, 209

privateers in, 65–66

Louis XVI, king of France, 34, 120

Loyalists:

Buchanan family as, 71, 77